VTech Games Precomputer Power Pad Plus User Manual

TM  
Precomputer Power Pad Plus  
User’s manual  
 
CONTENTS  
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................ 1  
CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED ........................ 2  
MAIN BATTERY INSTALLATION ...............................2  
BACKUP BATTERY INSTALLATION...........................2  
AC ADAPTOR CONNECTION...................................3  
PRINTER CONNECTION ..........................................4  
MOUSE CONNECTION............................................4  
GENERAL OPERATION ..........................................4  
CHAPTER 3 THE KEYBOARD ............................ 6  
SPECIAL KEYS ........................................................6  
ACTIVITY SELECTOR ...............................................9  
CHAPTER 4 ACTIVITIES AND FUNCTIONS ........ 11  
HOW TO PLAY.....................................................11  
CHAPTER 5 WORD PROCESSOR.................... 20  
FILE OPTIONS......................................................21  
EDIT OPTIONS.....................................................22  
FORMAT OPTIONS ..............................................23  
TOOLS OPTIONS .................................................24  
PRINT OPTIONS ..................................................24  
HELP ...................................................................25  
EXIT.....................................................................25  
CHAPTER 6 SYSTEM SETUP ............................. 26  
PRINTER SETUP ...................................................26  
TIPS OF TODAY ...................................................26  
SCREEN SAVER ....................................................27  
CLEAR LAST SCORE..............................................27  
ICON BOX ...........................................................27  
QUICK MENU SETUP ............................................27  
CUSTOMIZE SETUP...............................................27  
DEMO MODE ......................................................28  
 
RAM CART MANAGER..........................................28  
POWER LINK.......................................................29  
CHAPTER 7 BASIC.......................................... 30  
INTRODUCTION...................................................30  
GETTING STARTED ..............................................32  
BASIC COMPUTER TUTORIAL................................34  
REFERENCE SECTION ...........................................47  
ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS ......................................52  
STRING FUNCTIONS.............................................53  
GRAPHICS FUNCTION ..........................................54  
SUBSTRINGS .......................................................54  
LOGICAL OPERATORS.........................................59  
APPENDIX ...........................................................65  
THE ERROR MESSAGES .......................................74  
CHAPTER 8 CALCULATOR.............................. 76  
BASIC CALCULATOR OPERATIONS .......................76  
USING THE MEMORY FEATURES...........................76  
ADVANCED FUNCTIONS .......................................77  
TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS ..............................78  
CHAPTER 9 TIME LIMITS............................... 79  
CHAPTER 10 SCORING.................................. 79  
CHAPTER 11 POWER LINK ............................ 81  
CONNECTING THE CABLE .....................................81  
CONTROLLING VTECH POWER LINK.................81  
CHAPTER 12 HOW TO USE AN EXPANSION  
CARTRIDGE............................... 83  
CHAPTER 13 CARE AND MAINTENANCE ......... 84  
 
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION  
Thank you for buying the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning toy by VTECH®.  
We at VTECH® are committed to providing the best possible products to develop a child’s  
mind. Should you have any questions or concerns, please call our Consumer Services  
Department at 1-800-521-2010 in the U.S. or 1-800-267-7377 in Canada.  
PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS is a powerful learning computer tool featuring  
120x32 full dot matrix LCD screen and a standard sized computer style keyboard that gives  
the user the look and the feel of a real laptop computer. PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™  
PLUS offers 38 activities that include tenses, antonyms, synonyms, grammar, spelling,  
vocabulary, basic and advanced mathematics, 1000 trivia questions, logic games, a word  
processor, BASIC programming with tutorial, a built-in calculator, a 75,000 word spell checker  
and more. Get ready for hours of learning fun with the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™  
PLUS learning unit.  
CABINET LOCKS  
LCD SCREEN  
CONTRAST SWITCH  
VOLUME SWITCH  
SPEAKER  
ON SELECTOR  
OFF SELECTOR  
9 LED STATUS  
DISPLAY BAR  
MEMBRANE  
ACTIVITY  
SELECTOR  
EXPANSION  
CARTRIDGE DOOR  
COMPUTER  
KEYBOARD  
AC ADAPTOR PORT  
PRINTER PORT  
MOUSE PORT  
PULL OUT CARRYING HANDLE  
1
 
CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED  
The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit operates on 4 “AA” (UM-3/LR6)  
size batteries for the main compartment or a 9V AC adaptor. 2 “AA” (UM-3/LR6) batteries  
are required to backup the unit.  
MAIN BATTERY INSTALLATION  
1. Make sure the unit is OFF.  
2. Locate the main battery cover on the back of the unit  
and open it.  
3. Insert 4 “AA” (UM-3/LR6) size batteries as  
illustrated. DO NOT USE RECHARGEABLE  
BATTERIES in this unit. (The use of Rayovac  
Renewable/Rechargeable Alkaline batteries is  
encouraged.)  
4. Replace the battery cover.  
5. Turn the unit ON.  
BATTERY NOTICE  
Install batteries correctly observing the polarity (+,-) signs to avoid leakage.  
Do not mix old and new batteries.  
Do not use batteries of different types.  
Remove exhausted or new batteries from equipment when you are not going to use  
it for a long time.  
Do not dispose of batteries in fire.  
Do not attempt to recharge ordinary batteries.  
The supply terminals are not to be short-circuited.  
Non-rechargeable batteries are not to be recharged.  
Rechargeable batteries are to be removed from the toy before being charged.  
Rechargeable batteries are only to be charged under adult supervision.  
NOTE: If the unit suddenly stops working, or the sound seems weak, turn the unit off for  
15 seconds, then turn it back on. If the problem persists, it may be caused by  
weak batteries. Please install a new set of batteries and try the unit again.  
BACKUP BATTERY INSTALLATION  
1. Make sure the unit is OFF.  
2. Locate the backup battery cover on the back of the unit and open it.  
2
 
3. Insert 2 “AA” (UM-3/LR6) size batteries as illustrated.  
DO NOT USE RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES in this  
unit. (The use of Rayovac Renewable/Rechargeable  
Alkaline batteries is encouraged.)  
4. Replace the battery cover.  
5. Turn the unit ON.  
NOTE: While replacing the backup batteries, the 4 “AA” size  
batteries must be kept in the unit or the unit must be connected  
to the 9V adaptor while the adaptor is plugged in. If not, the  
information stored in the following activities will be lost:  
Word Processor  
BASIC  
User Name and Personal Message  
Last Scores  
Quick Menu Icons  
AC ADAPTOR CONNECTION  
Use a standard 9V  
300mA  
AC adaptor.  
1. Make sure the unit is OFF.  
2. Locate the adaptor jack on the back of the unit.  
3. Plug the adaptor into a wall outlet.  
4. Plug the adaptor into the unit’s adaptor jack.  
5. Turn the unit ON.  
NOTE: Do not leave the adaptor plugged in for a long period of time if the unit is not  
in use. If the unit suddenly stops working or the sound seems weak, it may be  
the result of the adaptor connection. Turn the unit off and unplug the adaptor from  
the unit for 15 seconds. Next plug the adaptor back in and turn the unit on. If  
the problem persists, it may be the result of the adaptor's wiring or the unit. Please  
call our Consumer Services Department at 1-800-521-2010 in the U.S., 1-800-267-  
7377 in Canada and a service representative will be happy to help you.  
The VTECH® AC adaptor is perfectly suitable to operate this product. Many retailers  
carry the adaptor, however, if you are unable to find one locally, you can send  
$10.00 plus $5.00 for shipping and handling (Illinois residents please add an 8.25%  
sales tax.) to:  
Adaptor c/o  
VTECH® Industries, LLC  
101 E. Palatine Road  
Wheeling, IL 60090-6500  
Please do not send cash.  
3
 
PRINTER CONNECTION  
The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit can support 12 different kinds  
of printers. For details, please refer to Chapter 6.  
MOUSE CONNECTION  
Use our standard mouse, included with the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS.  
1. Make sure the unit is OFF.  
2. Locate the mouse jack at the back of the unit.  
3. Slide open the mouse port door and insert the mouse connector into the unit.  
4. Turn the unit ON.  
5. The mouse will work best if it is kept on the mouse pad.  
Left Mouse  
Button  
Right Mouse  
Button  
This 'ARROW' shows the unlocking  
direction.Lock by pushing to the  
opposite side of the 'ARROW'  
®
®
The mouse functions the same as a real computer mouse. Move the cursor on the screen  
by moving the mouse in the direction you would like the cursor to move. The Left mouse  
button functions as a select key (Enter key) while the Right mouse button functions as  
an Esc key.  
GENERAL OPERATION  
ON BUTTON & OFF BUTTON  
Turn on your PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit by pressing the ON  
button located at the upper right-hand side of the Membrane Activity Selector. A welcome  
animation will be displayed and you can begin play. Turn the unit off at any time by pressing  
the OFF button.  
4
 
Automatic Shut Off  
If there is no input into the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit for about 20 minutes,  
the unit will automatically shut off to save power. To turn the unit back on after an automatic  
shut off, press the ON button again. We recommend turning the unit OFF when not in  
use. If the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit is not in use for a long period  
of time, remove the main compartment batteries or unplug the adaptor.  
CONTRAST SWITCH  
Depending on your lighting conditions, slide the Contrast Switch to the left or right to allow  
for better viewing.  
VOLUME SWITCH  
Adjust the volume by sliding the Volume Switch to the left or right.  
LED STATUS DISPLAY BAR AND LCD SCREEN  
LED Light  
There are 9 icons on the LED status display bar. Each icon represents an activity or function.  
LCD SCREEN  
On top of the LCD screen, a status bar is displayed.  
Left Player's  
Right Player's  
Left Player's  
Right Player's  
5
 
CHAPTER 3: THE KEYBOARD  
The computer keyboard on PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS combines the operation  
of a standard computer keyboard with several other functions described below.  
SPECIAL KEYS  
Enter Key:  
Press this key after typing or choosing an answer to input your selection.  
Shift Key:  
Press this key to type capital letters or the symbols shown on top of the number keys.  
Esc Key:  
Press this key to exit an activity. By repeatedly pressing the ESC key, you can return  
to the main menu.  
6
 
Caps Lock Key:  
Press this key to make all letters appear in upper case. Press this key again to return  
to normal typing mode. When the Caps Lock function is activated, the Caps Lock light  
will turn on.  
Answer Key:  
Press this key to see the correct answer to any question.  
Right Player/Left Player Keys:  
Press these keys with activities featuring a 2-player mode. The first person to hit his or  
her appropriate left or right player button will get the opportunity to answer the question  
first.  
Cursor Keys:  
Press the  
Press the  
Press the  
Press the  
key to move the cursor to the right.  
key to move the cursor to the left.  
key to move the cursor downward.  
key to move the cursor upward.  
Help Key:  
Press this key at any time and you will see helpful hints to assist you with the current  
screen.  
7
 
Hint Key:  
Press the Shift key and this key simultaneously when inputting text in Trivia activities when  
you need a hint. You will be given three multiple choice answers to choose from. In  
Rocket Fuel, you may replay the current stage.  
Break Key:  
Press the Shift and Break keys simultaneously when you want to interrupt a program in  
the BASIC activity while it is running.  
Alt Key:  
Press this key and the letter ‘P’ to activate the printing function in the activities.  
Press this key and the “3” key to get the symbol “#”.  
Erase Key:  
Press this key when you are inputting text. This will clear the entire input line so that  
you can re-enter the text.  
AC Key:  
Press this key for an ‘All Clear’ screen in the Calculator activity.  
Insert Key:  
Press this key when you want to insert text in the Word Processor, BASIC and Design  
A Card activities.  
Delete Key:  
Press this key when you want to delete the character at the cursor position.  
8
 
Backspace Key:  
Press this key when you want to delete the character before the cursor position.  
3, #, and £:  
Press this key to type the number “3”.  
Press Shift and this key simultaneously when you want to type the symbol “£”.  
Press Alt and this key simultaneously when you want to type the symbol “#”.  
ACTIVITY SELECTOR  
There are 38 activities in the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit and they are  
divided into 5 categories. This includes Word Games, Mathematics, Computer Skills, Games  
and Trivia. Press any one of the activities to go into the activity directly.  
WORD GAMES  
MATHEMATICS  
COMPUTER SKILLS  
GAMES  
Spy Trap  
TRIVIA  
Science  
FUNCTION  
MAIN MENU  
/DEMO  
Word  
Word  
Flip Flop  
Keyboard  
Skills  
Addition  
Subtraction  
Multiplication  
Division  
ON  
Puzzles  
In Word  
Fractions  
Mystery  
Letter  
Vocabulary  
Builder  
Typing  
Rocket  
Fuel  
Comparatives  
Ratios  
English  
Geography  
General  
OFF  
Challenge  
Word  
Recall  
Word  
Word  
Design  
A Card  
Synonyms  
Antonyms  
Algebra  
Level  
Maker  
Processor  
Sentence  
Story  
BASIC  
Tutor  
Spell  
Plurals  
Tenses  
Player  
Scrambler  
Problems  
Checker  
Letter  
Drop  
Grammar  
Quiz  
Equation  
Builder  
Print  
Fractions  
BASIC  
Calculator  
Cartridge  
Screen  
On Key:  
This key is used to turn the unit ON. When the unit is OFF, press this key to turn the  
unit ON.  
Off Key:  
This key is used to turn the unit OFF. When the unit is turned ON, press this key any  
time to turn the unit OFF.  
IMPORTANT: When using an AC adaptor, always make sure to FIRST PRESS THE OFF  
KEY on the unit before unplugging the adaptor.  
9
 
Player Key:  
Press this key to change from 1-player mode to 2-player mode and vice versa for activities  
with 2-player mode. If you want to change the player mode, press this key first and then  
select a player mode by typing the number 1 or 2. If you select the 2-player mode, you  
will be prompted to enter the names of the first player and second player.  
Level Key:  
The unit provides 4 levels of challenge in most of the activities. If you want to change  
the level, press this key first and then select a level by typing a number 1, 2, 3, 4. The  
first level is the easiest and the fourth level is the most difficult.  
Cartridge Key:  
This key is used to access VTECH® PRECOMPUTER expansion cartridges that are  
compatible with the unit. An expansion cartridge must be inserted into the unit to operate  
the cartridge feature.  
NOTE: Cartridges are sold separately. Please refer to Chapter 12 for details and a listing  
of VTECH® PRECOMPUTER expansion cartridges.  
Print Screen Key:  
This key is used to print the current screen. Press this key at any time, and the current  
screen will print through the connected printer.  
Main Menu/DEMO Key:  
This key is used to return to the main menu. Press this key at any time and you will  
return to the main menu immediately. When you are already in the main menu, pressing  
this key will show the demo of this unit.  
10  
 
CHAPTER 4: ACTIVITIES AND FUNCTIONS  
HOW TO PLAY  
SELECTING/CHOOSING/HIGHLIGHTING  
During the course of entering the activities and during game play, you will be asked to  
either select, choose or highlight an object, a number, a letter or a word. This can be  
done in two different ways:  
Mouse  
You can move the cursor arrow with the mouse. When the cursor arrow is on the  
item you want to choose, press the left mouse button, or the Enter key.  
You may also move the cursor to highlight text. To highlight, select text by pressing  
the left mouse button and dragging the cursor over the text.  
You may exit an activity, go to previous menu, and close pop-up windows by pressing  
the right mouse button, or the ESC key.  
Cursor Keys  
You can move the cursor arrow with the cursor keys on the keyboard. When the  
cursor arrow is on the item you want to choose, press the Enter key.  
Also, you may select a highlighted option by pressing the cursor keys. If the highlighted  
option is the one you want, press the Enter key.  
CUSTOMIZED SCREEN AND TIPS OF TODAY  
After turning on the unit, a welcoming animation and the customized screen will appear.  
You can change the name and the message of the customized screen in System Setup.  
Please see Chapter 6 for details.  
After the customized screen appears, the Tips of Today pop-up on the screen. There are  
55 different interesting facts that will be randomly shown each time the unit is turned on.  
ENTERING ACTIVITIES  
After the Customized Screen and Tips of Today are displayed, the Main Menu will appear.  
11  
 
There are 5 large icons on top of the Main Menu. You can choose from the following:  
Word Games , Mathematics , Computer Skills , Games , and Trivia  
Use 1 of the following 2 ways to enter into one of the five categories:  
.
1. Press any one of the five activity buttons from the Membrane Activity Selector.  
2. Choose an activity icon on the screen.  
After choosing the category (Word Games, Mathematics, etc.), you may select an activity:  
Choose an activity on the screen. Due to the limitation of the screen, you will have to  
scroll through the activity list by using the UP and DOWN arrow icons located on the right  
side of the screen. Or you can use the UP or DOWN arrow keys on the keyboard. Press  
the Enter key or the left mouse button to enter the selected activity.  
During any of the activities, press the ESC button to quit the activity and return to the  
main menu.  
During any of the activities, press the Main Menu/Demo key to return to the main menu.  
At the bottom of the Main Menu, there are three smaller icons. Choose from: Demo Icon  
, Help Icon  
and System Setup  
.
Demo Icon  
When this icon is selected, the demo mode begins. The unit will automatically enter one  
of the Word Games, Mathematics, Computer Skills, Games or Trivia activities, and answer  
a question. This process will repeat until you press any key, or move the mouse.  
Help Icon  
When this icon is selected, helpful text will assist you with the current screen.  
System Setup  
When this icon is selected, System Setup is entered. Please refer to Chapter 6 for details  
of System Setup.  
PLAYER MODES:  
The unit will automatically begin in 1-player mode when the unit is turned on. To enter  
the 2-player mode, press the Player key first and then type the number “2”. The unit will  
prompt you to enter the names of the first player and the second player.  
12  
 
NOTE: The following activities do not feature the two-player mode:  
Word Puzzles  
Spy Trap  
Rocket Fuel  
Keyboard Skills  
Typing Challenge  
Word Processor  
BASIC Tutor  
BASIC  
Design A Card  
Spell Checker  
Calculator  
GENERAL DISPLAY  
In most of the activities, you will see a display with status information, useful icons and  
a working area. The status information will include the players’ scores, the number of  
chances remaining to answer a question, the current level, and the time indicator. At the  
right side of the screen, there are several icons displayed. They include the Quit icon,  
the Help icon, and the Up/Down arrow icons. The Up/Down icons are used to scroll the  
text, if the text is too long to be displayed on one screen. Besides clicking on the icons  
with your mouse, you can also press the Up/Down cursor keys on your keyboard.  
WORD GAMES  
MYSTERY LETTER  
A word (missing a letter) will appear on the screen. Type in the missing letter and press  
the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
WORD RECALL  
The unit will first display a word on the screen. After 3 seconds, the word will disappear.  
Type in the same word as originally displayed. The underlines tell you how many letters  
are in the word. Press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
PLURALS  
A singular form of a noun will appear on the screen. Type in the plural form of the given  
word and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
13  
 
TENSES  
Two tenses of a verb will appear on the screen. Type in the missing tense (present, past  
or past participle) of that verb and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
WORD PUZZLES  
This is a crossword puzzle game with 10 missing words in each puzzle. Use the cursor  
keys or mouse to select one of the missing words. Press the Enter key to receive a clue  
for the chosen word. Type in the word for that clue and press the Enter key to confirm  
your answer. If you need to see the clue again, press the Hints key and the clue will  
appear. Also, you may use the Erase key to clear any word you have typed in, and the  
unit will delete the word. After you have answered this clue, choose another word until  
you have entered all of the 10 missing words.  
COMPARATIVES  
This activity shows three forms of adjectives or adverbs. Two comparatives will be displayed  
on the screen, and you need to input the third one. Type in the missing comparative and  
press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
SYNONYMS  
The unit will display a word on the screen. Type in a word that has the same meaning.  
The underlines tell you how many letters are in the word. Press the Enter key to confirm  
your answer.  
ANTONYMS  
The unit will display a word on the screen. Type in a word that has the opposite meaning.  
The underlines tell you how many letters are in the word. Press the Enter key to confirm  
your answer.  
LETTER DROP  
An incomplete word will appear on the bottom row with its missing letter above it. Use  
the Left/Right cursor keys or mouse to place the missing letter in its correct position and  
press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
WORD IN WORD  
The unit will display a word on the screen. Use the Left/Right cursor keys or mouse to  
move the pointer and select a letter to be removed. Try to remove a letter so that the  
remaining letters still make a word. Press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
VOCABULARY BUILDER  
The unit will display a word on the screen with three definitions of the word. Only one  
is the correct answer. Choose the correct definition of the word and enter your selection  
by pressing the corresponding number or pressing the Enter key or clicking your mouse.  
14  
 
WORD MAKER  
The unit will display a prefix or a suffix of a word at the bottom of the screen. Several  
suffixes/prefixes scroll across the screen above the word. When the correct suffix/prefix  
is above the word, press the Enter key to input your answer.  
SENTENCE SCRAMBLER  
A group of words will appear on the screen. You must rearrange the words to form a  
correct sentence. Select the word you think is the first word of the sentence with the  
arrow keys or the mouse cursor, and then press the Enter key or the left mouse button.  
The word will move to the answer line. Repeat the same process for the second word,  
the third word and so on until the entire sentence is constructed. If you make a mistake,  
you can select the word from the answer line with your mouse and the word will move  
to the top of the screen. When you select the last word of the sentence, the unit will  
check whether your selections are correct or incorrect.  
GRAMMAR QUIZ  
A sentence will appear on the screen with one grammatical error. Choose the grammatically  
incorrect word with your arrow keys or the mouse cursor. Then press the Enter key or  
left mouse button. If you pick out the grammatical error, 3 multiple choice options will  
appear on the screen. Select the option that makes the sentence grammatically correct  
by pressing its corresponding number, or moving the mouse cursor or pressing the Up/  
Down arrow keys to highlight your choice then press the Enter key to input your answer.  
MATHEMATICS  
ADDITION  
An addition problem will appear on the screen. Type in your answer, from right to left,  
using the number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
SUBTRACTION  
A subtraction problem will appear on the screen. Type in your answer, from right to left,  
using the number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
MULTIPLICATION  
A multiplication problem will appear on the screen. Type in your answer, according to the  
position of the blinking cursor, using the number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter  
key to confirm your answer.  
DIVISION  
A division problem will appear on the screen. Type in your answer, from left to right, using  
the number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
15  
 
FRACTIONS  
A fraction will display on the screen. 3 multiple choice options will be given. Decide which  
option is the correct answer and press its corresponding number or click on the answer  
with your mouse.  
FLIP FLOP FRACTIONS  
An equation which involves turning a fraction into a decimal/percentage will appear on the  
screen. Type in the answer using the number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter  
key to confirm your answer. When inputting your decimal answer, place a zero before  
the decimal point when the answer is less than 1. Example: "0.94" is correct. ".94" is  
incorrect.  
RATIOS  
A ratio problem will appear on the screen. Type in the answer to make the ratios equal  
by using the number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
ALGEBRA  
An algebra problem will appear on the screen. Type in the value of “x” or “y” using the  
number keys on the keyboard and press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
STORY PROBLEMS  
In this activity the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit challenges you  
to find answers to math problems that are presented as story problems instead of numerical  
equations. The question will appear on the screen. You may type your answer or press  
the Hint key to choose from 3 multiple choice options. Select your answer by typing in  
the corresponding number, using the mouse or use the Up/Down arrow keys to highlight  
your selection then press the Enter key to confirm your answer.  
EQUATION BUILDER  
The unit will display an equation. Three signs < (less than), > (greater than) and = (equal  
to) will scroll across the screen. When the correct sign is at the middle of the equation,  
press the Enter key to choose the correct sign to complete the equation.  
COMPUTER SKILLS  
KEYBOARD SKILLS  
You can learn keyboarding skills through this helpful typing tutorial. This activity is divided  
into Basic and Expert courses.  
Basic Course  
In the basic course, you will type the letters displayed in the upper right corner of the  
screen. The hand and the keyboard on the screen indicates which finger should be used  
16  
 
to type each letter. Each correct letter equals 1 point. After typing 100 letters (50 for  
the left hand, 50 for the right hand), the score and the rewarding screen will be shown.  
Expert Course  
In the expect course, follow the screen and type the given text. After you have completely  
typed the text, your typing speed and accuracy will appear on the screen.  
TYPING CHALLENGE  
This activity helps to improve your keyboarding skills through this exciting typing game.  
The cannon on the right side of the screen will fire letters to the castle on the left side.  
Type the letter before it hits the castle. If the castle on the screen is hit 8 times, one  
chance is deducted. You will win the game if you can type all the given letters before  
your three chances are up.  
WORD PROCESSOR  
This activity offers word processing for your documents. Please see Chapter 5 of this manual  
for further details.  
BASIC TUTOR  
This activity will acquaint you with the fundamental BASIC computer programming concepts.  
At the end of the text, there is a program for the game “Rock, Paper, Scissors. You  
can learn the technique of a BASIC program by writing your own game.  
BASIC  
This is an intensive computer programming activity. Complete instructions are provided  
in Chapter 7 of this manual.  
DESIGN A CARD  
The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning toy has several built-in pictures,  
including holiday, birthday, and celebration scenes. With these pictures, you can print letter  
greetings and folded cards along with your personal messages to give to your friends and  
relatives.  
To create and print a Letter Greeting:  
Select Letter Greeting.  
Choose a picture to be used in the Letter Greeting.  
Type in your text message. You are allowed up to eight lines of text. Press the  
Enter key several times. The unit will ask you if you have finished entering your  
message. Select yes or no.  
Select Print.  
17  
 
To create and print a Folded Card :  
Select Folded Card.  
Choose a picture to be used in the folded card.  
Type in your text message. You are allowed up to eight lines of text. Press the  
Enter key several times. The unit will ask you if you have finished entering your  
text. Select yes or no.  
Select Print.  
SPELL CHECKER  
Spell Checker is an electronic word list that contains approximately 75,000 words and is  
used to check the correct spelling of words. This program can work independently or within  
the Word Processor activity.  
The Spell Checker searches words phonetically. English words can be difficult to spell  
because the same sound can sometimes be spelled several different ways. Remember,  
Spell Checker never actually spells a word for you but will check for spelling errors and  
gives you suggestions for correcting the possible misspelling.  
Type a word the way you think it is spelled and press the Enter key. PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS will spend a few seconds checking the dictionary. If the word is  
spelled correctly, the unit will respond with “Correct!” If the word you typed is not in the  
dictionary, it will give you a list of possible words to correct the misspelled word. To continue  
checking additional words, continue typing without pressing the Enter key.  
CALCULATOR  
This activity allows you to use the unit as an advanced, scientific calculator. Please see  
Chapter 8 of this manual for instructions.  
GAMES  
SPY TRAP  
The object of the game is to catch all of the four spies within the time alotted. The spies  
are hidden behind the numbers. The only way to reveal a spy is to select 2 to 3 continuous  
numbers that add up to the number stated in the middle of the screen. When a spy is  
revealed, select the spy to send him to jail. There is a time limit to catch the spies. If  
you cannot catch the spies within the time limit, you will lose a turn. The following are  
18  
 
the rules of the game:  
1. Press the number key or use your mouse to select the numbers. You may select any  
number. If all nine of the squares fill up, you will lose a turn.  
2. Try to select the numbers so that 2 to 3 continuous numbers that you choose, add  
up to the number in the middle of the screen.  
3. A spy appears in one of the blank squares. Press the Space bar or click on the spy  
immediately to put the spy in jail. If you don’t catch a spy within 5 seconds, he will  
disappear.  
4. If you cannot catch four spies within the time limit, you will lose a turn.  
Repeat the above steps until all four spies are in jail.  
ROCKET FUEL  
Robot  
Fuel  
Rock  
Rock  
Rock  
The object of the game is to push all of the fuel into the rocket so that the rocket has  
enough fuel to travel to the next planet.  
Use the cursor keys to control the robot in pushing the fuel into the rocket. The following  
are guidelines when playing this game:  
1. The robot can only push the fuel. It cannot pull fuel.  
2. The robot can only push one fuel tank at a time. It cannot push two fuel tanks  
simultaneously.  
3. If you find that you cannot continue pushing the fuel tanks into the rocket, you may  
press the Hint (Shift & Help) key. This restarts this stage. You can then try again  
with another approach. Remember: you have only three chances to use the Hint key.  
4. The rocket will start travelling to another planet only after you have pushed all of the  
fuel into the rocket.  
Note: You may click on the Help icon to learn playing tips.  
The game also gives you the opportunity to load the game for different levels . You  
need to enter the password that appears in the top right hand corner of the screen  
to reload the stage.  
19  
 
TRIVIA  
This challenging trivia game has 1000 questions in 4 different topics: Science, English,  
Geography and General. All topics are available with a 2-player mode and 4 levels.  
Once you have selected a topic, a question will appear on the screen. If you know the  
answer to the question type in your answer and the press the Enter key to input your  
answer. If you don’t know the answer, you may select 3 multiple choice options by pressing  
the Hints key. Decide which option is the correct answer and press its corresponding number.  
Using the Hints key will result in losing one chance.  
DEMO MODE  
To access the demo mode, press the Main Menu/Demo key. You may also select the  
Demo icon located on the bottom right hand corner of the screen. This mode demonstrates  
some of the activities in the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS. When the demo  
mode starts, the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS enters the activities in all  
categories. After the unit demos one activity it will return to the Main Menu. This process  
is repeated until you press any key or move the mouse.  
SYSTEM SETUP  
System Setup allows you to change various defaults. These include printer setup, quick  
menu setup, customize screen setup and more. Please see Chapter 6 for further details.  
CHAPTER 5: WORD PROCESSOR  
The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS offers you one of the first and most important  
applications found in computers: word processing. With this word processor, you will be  
able to create, edit, save and print documents you have created. The unit can hold  
approximately 3500 characters or 500-600 words before data has to be saved or printed.  
The bottom line represents the status of the text on the screen.  
L=1 “Lstands for a line of text. The number (i.e. “1”) represents the first line of text.  
L=2 would mean the user is editing the second line of text. A “line of text” refers to one  
line (60 characters) on an 8 1/2 X 11 sheet of paper - not one line on the LCD viewing  
screen. PLEASE NOTE THAT 60 CHARACTERS WILL TAKE UP 3 LINES ON THE LCD  
VIEWING SCREEN BUT TRANSLATE TO ONE LINE OF TEXT ON AN 8 1/2 X 11 SHEET  
OF PAPER WHEN PRINTED (SEE PRINT SECTION). This feature allows the user to  
effectively print documents using a standard 8 1/2 X 11 format.  
20  
 
J=L means the current line is justified left.  
NB means the current word is not bolded. B means the current word is bolded.  
CH means which character the cursor is on in a particular line.  
PLEASE NOTE THAT THE VT-25 THERMAL PRINTER PRINTS 25 CHARACTERS PER  
LINE ON A STANDARD ROLL OF THERMAL PAPER. YOUR PREPARED TEXT WILL  
AUTOMATICALLY BE ADJUSTED TO FIT THIS FORMAT WHEN YOU SELECT THE VT-  
25 THERMAL PRINTER IN PRINTER SETUP. WHILE THE FORMATTING WILL NOT  
CHANGE ON THE LCD SCREEN, THE TEXT WILL PRINT CORRECTLY TO FIT THE VT-  
25 FORMAT.  
The Word Processor has a menu with many functions. You may view the Word Processor  
menu by pressing the Help key. The Word Processor menu will appear with the following  
options: File, Edit, Format, Tools, Print, Help and Exit.  
FILE OPTIONS  
Under the File Options menu, you may select four different functions: New, Load, Save  
and Delete. To enter the File Options menu, press the Help key and select File Options.  
New  
New is the command to create a new file. Every time you enter the Word Processor  
activity, you will see the same document you worked on the last time you were in  
Word Processor. To create a file, select New from the FILE options and it will ask  
if you want to create a new document. If you select “Yes”, it will ask if you want  
to overwrite the current document. If you select “Yes”, the document will be deleted,  
allowing you to create a new one. Selecting “No” will return you to the existing  
document. If you want to save your document in order to create a new one, you  
must have a RAM cartridge. This cartridge allows you to save multiple documents  
and is sold separately.  
Load  
Load is the command used to retrieve an existing file from the optional RAM cartridge.  
Select Load from the File Options and it will list all of the files in the RAM cartridge.  
Select the file you want to retrieve and press the Enter key. The chosen file will  
then appear on the screen.  
Save  
Saving a file is a very important option in Word Processor because if you forget to  
save the file, your document will be lost permanently. You must have a RAM cartridge  
in order to save a file. Select Save from the File Options and it will prompt you  
to input the name of your file. Type in your file name and press Enter to save the  
file. The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS can store one page, 8 1/2 X 11.  
But if you would like to save the document before creating a new one, you must  
have a RAM cartridge. To rename a file, enter System Setup and select RAM Cart.  
Manager.  
Please note that the filename can only be up to 8 characters long.  
21  
 
Delete  
When you no longer need a file, erasing it from the optional RAM cartridge is a  
good idea because it will free up more space for other files. Select Delete from  
the File Options and it will prompt you with a list of files in the optional RAM cartridge.  
Select the file to delete and press the Enter key. A message will appear on the  
screen asking you to confirm your selection. Be careful when deleting a file because  
whatever you delete will be gone permanently.  
Note: If you have purchased our VTECH POWER LINK™, and connect it to the unit correctly,  
you may also Save, Load or Delete a file on the connected PC. In the File Options,  
select Load. The unit will ask you whether to load a file from RAM Cartridge or  
from PC. If you select PC, the files on the PC will be listed. You may then select  
a file on the PC to be loaded into the unit’s main memory. The same applies to  
the Save and Delete functions. Please refer to Chapter 11 for more details about  
our VTECH POWER LINK™.  
EDIT OPTIONS  
Most simple editing can be accomplished by using the Backspace, Insertion (INS)  
and Deletion (DEL) keys. When you want to change large blocks of text, you need  
to do block editing. The EDIT menu is for editing blocks of text. You can find Edit  
Options by pressing the HELP key.  
Define a Block  
The first step in block editing is to define or mark a block of text. There are two  
ways to define a block of text. 1) Drag the mouse over the desired text to highlight  
it. 2) Place the cursor at the first character of the block you want to edit, then select  
Block Begin from the EDIT menu. When the cursor is at the end of the block, select  
Block End from the EDIT menu. After a block of text is defined, you can use one  
of the four blocking tools: block copy, block cut, paste block or clear block.  
Block Begin  
This marks the beginning of a block of text.  
Block End  
This marks the end of a block of text. The text between the Block Begin mark and  
the Block End mark will be highlighted, up to 60 characters or one line of printed  
text.  
Block Copy  
After a block of text has been defined, select Block Copy from the EDIT menu. The  
original block will remain and you can paste the block in any location in the document.  
Block Cut  
To cut a block of text, first define the block of text and select Block Cut from the  
EDIT menu. The block will be removed from its current position and will be placed  
in memory. You can now paste the block in any location in the document.  
22  
 
Paste Block  
After you have used the Block Cut or Block Copy option, move the cursor to the  
position where you want the block of text to be pasted. Select Paste Block from  
the EDIT menu and the block of text you defined will be pasted to the new location.  
Clear Block  
To erase a block of text, first define the block of text and select Clear Block from  
the EDIT menu to clear the block. The defined block will be permanently cleared  
from the document.  
FORMAT OPTIONS  
There are four options in the FORMAT menu. They are: Justify Left, Justify Right, Justify  
Center, and Bold.  
Justify Left  
By default, the text is aligned left with the margin, Justify Left.  
Justify Right  
To align your text to the right margin, choose Justify Right.  
Justify Center  
To align your text so it is centered within your document, choose Justify Center.  
Important note:  
You will not be able to view the format you selected on the screen. It will be reflected  
in the printed document. This is due to the differences between the screen size  
and the printed document.  
Bold  
There are two types of fonts, bold font and normal font. If you want to bold a word,  
place the cursor on any letter of the word, and then select Bold from the FORMAT  
menu. The entire word will be bolded. You may also use your mouse. Click and  
drag on the word you want bolded to highlight it. Then select Bold from the FORMAT  
menu. Your word will be bolded. The Bold command also applies to a block of text.  
After you have defined a block of text, select Bold from the FORMAT menu. The  
entire block of text will be bolded.  
23  
 
TOOLS OPTIONS  
The TOOLS menu provides two functions: Check Spelling and Symbols.  
Check Spelling  
Spell checker checks a word to see if it is in the unit's dictionary. To check the  
spelling of a word, highlight a word using your mouse. Then choose Tools Options  
and select Check Spelling. Press the Enter key. If the word does not exist in the  
unit’s dictionary, it will give you a list of possible words for reference.  
Also, you may spell check an entire document. Select Check Spelling from the TOOLS  
menu. The entire document will be checked word by word. When there is a word  
that is not found in the dictionary, several options will be provided: Ignore Word,  
Edit Word, or Suggestions.  
Ignore Word  
If you think the word is spelled correctly, select Ignore Word and press the Enter  
key. The Spell Checker will skip this word and continue checking the remaining text.  
Edit Word  
If you know the correct spelling of the misspelled word, select Edit Word and press  
the Enter key. Type in the correct spelling of the word and press Enter. The Spell  
Checker will change the word within your document automatically.  
Suggestions  
If you don’t know the correct spelling of a word, and you would like the unit to provide  
you suggestions, select Suggestions and press the Enter key. A list of similar words  
will appear on the screen. You may scroll from a list of possible suggestions, and  
then press the Enter key to select a choice. There may be instances where the  
unit does not have any suggestions. The unit will then say “No Suggestions.”  
Symbols  
Symbols gives you a list of useful characters to use in your documents. Press the  
Symbol key located on your keyboard or select Symbols from the TOOLS menu. A  
window will appear showing all of the different symbols you can choose from. Press  
the scrolling arrows on the screen or the arrow keys on your keyboard to locate  
a symbol. Press the Enter key to select it. The symbol window will close automatically  
and the symbol you have chosen will appear in your document. Press the Esc key  
to close the window if you do not choose a symbol. Remember you can also select  
additional symbols located on the number keys.  
PRINT OPTIONS  
To view the printing options, press the Help key and you will see the Word Processor menu.  
Select Print Options. There are three features in this menu: Printer Setup, Print and Print  
Preview.  
24  
 
Printer Setup  
Printer Setup allows you to select a printer. This can also be done through System  
Setup. Please see Chapter 6 for details.  
Print  
In order to use the print feature, you must connect it to one of the printers compatible  
to the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS. Please see the list of printers listed  
in Chapter 6 under Printer Setup.  
When this option is selected, the unit will ask you whether to print the text in Single  
or Double Line Spacing. Select one as you like. The unit will then ask if you are  
ready to print. Select yes or no. The current text will be printed if you selected  
yes. Make sure the printer cable is correctly connected, and the correct printer is  
selected in Printer Setup. Please note that 60 characters take up 3 lines of text  
on the LCD Viewing Screen, but translate to one line of text on an 8 1/2 X 11 sheet  
of paper when printed. (See Examples)  
On screen:  
Printed on paper:  
What kinds of graphics are you referring to? Am I going to  
recei  
Print Preview  
If you have purchased our VTECH POWER LINK™(sold separately), you can use  
the PC monitor to view your text before it is printed. Make sure the VTECH POWER  
LINK™ is correctly connected, then select Print Preview from the PRINT menu. The  
text will be displayed on your PC screen. Use the Up/Down arrows to scroll through  
the text, and press the Esc key when you have finished viewing the file.  
HELP  
Several pieces of Help Text will be shown when this option is selected. These helpful  
hints will provide you with additional information to guide you through play.  
EXIT  
Selecting this option will bring you back to the main menu.  
25  
 
CHAPTER 6: SYSTEM SETUP  
To enter System Setup, click on the System Setup icon located at the bottom right-hand  
corner of the screen. The System Setup menu will appear with the following options: Printer  
Setup, Tips of Today, Screen Saver, Clear Last Score, Icon Box, Quick Menu Setup,  
Customize Setup, Demo Mode, Ram Cart. Manager and Power Link.  
PRINTER SETUP  
Due to the extensive varieties of printers, not all compatible printers are listed. Please  
check with your printer manufacturer for information on reconfiguring your printer.  
There are a number of printers which PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS is compatible  
with. Printer Setup allows you to select a printer to print your documents. PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS supports the following printers:  
VTECH Thermal VT-25  
EPSON LQ-X70  
EPSON 24 Pin  
EPSON 9 Pin  
EPSON Stylus  
EPSON Stylus Color II  
Canon BJC 4100  
Canon BJ 200  
Canon BJ 30  
Canon BJ 300/330  
HP Laser IV L  
HP DESKJET  
Before selecting a printer, make sure the printer is correctly connected to the PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit. After setting up the printer, you can print a document  
from the Word Processor activity or print any screen. When you want to print a screen,  
press the Print Screen key on the Membrane Activity Selector.  
If no printer is selected, you will be unable to choose a printer using this feature.  
Note: In Printer Setup, Epson® Stylus Color II is displayed as Epson® Stylus Color.  
TIPS OF TODAY  
The Tips of Today will provide an interesting fact every time the PRECOMPUTER POWER  
PAD™ PLUS unit is turned on. You may turn the Tips of Today ON or OFF, by pressing  
the Enter key or selecting it with your mouse.  
26  
 
SCREEN SAVER  
The unit features a screen saver option. The screen saver will appear after two minutes  
with no input. You can turn this feature ON or OFF by pressing the Enter key or selecting  
it with your mouse.  
CLEAR LAST SCORE  
The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit will store all players’ last scores  
in memory. This will allow you to check future scores to measure your progress.  
Select the Clear Last Score option. Last scores cleared will appear on the screen. Select  
OK to clear the last scores stored in the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning  
unit.  
ICON BOX  
You may turn the Icon Box ON or OFF by pressing the Enter key or selecting it with your  
mouse. When the Icon Box is turned ON, the unit will specify each icon when you place  
the mouse cursor over an icon for 1 second.  
QUICK MENU SETUP  
Quick Menu is a useful tool for advanced users. You can select three activities to put  
into Quick Menu. This allows you to quickly access your favorite three activities directly  
from the Main Menu instead of selecting from a list of activities.  
Go to System Setup. Select Quick Menu Setup and press the Enter key. Check  
to be sure the Quick Menu feature is “ON”. You can turn this feature ON/OFF by  
pressing the Enter key or selecting it with your mouse.  
Select First Icon using your mouse or the Up/Down arrow keys and pressing the  
Enter key. The unit will display all the activities to choose from. Scroll through the  
list and select your first activity. Press the Enter key. The unit will then return to  
the Quick Menu Setup screen.  
Select Second Icon and repeat this process.  
Select Third Icon and repeat this process.  
Return to the Main Menu. There you will see the three icons you selected at the  
bottom of your screen.  
You can enter the activities you chose immediately when you select these icons.  
CUSTOMIZE SETUP  
In Customize Setup, you can customize your opening screen, opening sound effect and  
closing sound effect.  
27  
 
Customize Screen  
The Customized Screen is the screen shown after the opening animation. You may  
personalize the screen by entering your name and your message. This information  
will be displayed each time you turn on the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS  
learning unit. Also, we have provided three different default messages for you to  
choose from. To customize your screen, select Customize Screen and press the  
Enter key. A Customize Screen menu will appear.  
To enter your name, select Enter Name and click on the left mouse button or press  
the Enter key. Then type in your name and press the Enter key.  
To enter your personal message, select Enter Message and click on the left mouse  
button or press the Enter key.  
If you want to choose a default message, select Default Messages and click on the  
left mouse button or press the Enter key. Choose from: VTech - Precomputer Power  
Pad (TM) Plus COPYRIGHT (C); Proverb 1 - “Triumph” is try added to umph.; Proverb  
2 - Reach for your potential and your potential will reach for you.  
After you have typed in your personal message, or selected a default message, you  
may preview it. Select Preview Screen and click on the left mouse button or press  
the Enter key. The message you input will appear on the screen. To see your  
customized screen, turn the unit off and then back on. Your customized screen will  
appear.  
Opening Sound  
There are three different sound effects that you can choose from for the opening  
sound. Select Opening Sounds and press the Enter key. Then choose either Opening  
Sound 1, Opening Sound 2 or Opening Sound 3 and press the Enter key or click  
on your left mouse button.  
Closing Sound  
There are also three different sound effects that you can choose from for the closing  
sound. Select Closing Sounds and press the Enter key. Then choose either Closing  
Sound 1, Closing Sound 2 or Closing Sound 3 and press the Enter key or click  
on your left mouse button.  
DEMO MODE  
In System Setup, select Demo Mode and press the Enter key. The unit will show several  
activities from all categories (Word Games, Mathematics, Computer Skills, Games and Trivia)  
automatically. This process will repeat until you press any key or move the mouse.  
RAM CART. MANAGER  
The RAM Cart. Manager can be accessed through System Setup. The RAM Cart. Manager  
is functional only when utilizing a RAM cartridge. RAM cartridges are sold separately. Insert  
the cartridge into the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit, located on the left side.  
The RAM Cart. Manager has the following functions: List Files, Save File, Load File, Rename  
File, Delete File and Format Cartridge.  
28  
 
List Files  
When this function is selected, the files stored in the RAM cartridge are listed on  
the screen.  
Save File  
When this function is selected, you will be asked to choose whether to save a BASIC  
program or a Word Processor file. After you have made your selection, provide a  
filename for your file. This process allows the BASIC program or Word Processor  
file to be saved into the RAM cartridge.  
Load File  
When this function is selected, the files stored in the RAM cartridge are listed on  
the screen. You can select one of the files and load the file into the main unit.  
If it is a Word Processing file, the unit will take you to the Word Processor activity.  
If it is a BASIC file, the unit will bring you to the BASIC activity. To view the BASIC  
program, type LIST and press the Enter key. Continue pressing the Enter key to view  
each line.  
Rename File  
When this function is selected, the files stored in the RAM cartridge are listed on  
the screen. You can select one of the files and provide a new filename for the selected  
file. The file will be renamed.  
Delete File  
When this function is selected, the files stored in the RAM cartridge are listed on  
the screen. You can select one of the files. When you confirm that you want to  
delete the file, the file is removed from the RAM cartridge.  
Format Cartridge  
When this function is selected, all files stored in your RAM cartridge will be cleared.  
After you select Format Cartridge, the unit will prompt you to confirm you would like  
your files cleared. If you select Yes, all data on the RAM cartridge will be cleared.  
POWER LINK  
If you have purchased our VTECH POWER LINK™, you can connect the PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS unit to a Personal Computer. Please see Chapter 11 for details.  
29  
 
CHAPTER 7: BASIC  
INTRODUCTION  
WHAT IS BASIC?  
BASIC is a computer language. The name BASIC stands for Beginner’s All-purpose  
Symbolic Instruction Code. It was developed by professors at Dartmouth College  
in the mid-1960s. It was designed for students who had no previous experience  
in programming computers.  
BASIC is a basic language; however there are differences in the language based  
on the computer that uses it in much the same way that English is different depending  
on which country it is spoken in (Great Britain or the United States) or which part  
of the country the language is spoken in (East Coast, Midwest, South or the West  
Coast).  
The differences in the language will depend on the computer that is being used and  
on the computer that produced the language for the computer manufacturer. Microsoft  
BASIC is found on Apple II+, IBM PC and PC jr., Laser Computers, Commodore  
VIC20 and Commodore 64 and others. Other computers such as the Timex Sinclair  
ZX80 and the Texas Instruments 99/4 use versions of BASIC similar to MS-BASIC.  
WHAT IS A PROGRAM?  
A computer program is a series of instructions that tells a computer what tasks you  
want it to perform. Computer programs are written in a programming language. BASIC  
is one of the languages that both a human and a computer understand and so BASIC  
can be used to write a program that a computer can carry out for you.  
WHY SHOULD I LEARN TO USE A COMPUTER?  
Computers can do many things if they are given instructions. For a particular job  
to be done, by a person or a machine, we must specify the steps which must be  
done to do the job. The computer becomes an extension of our capabilities. To  
do this requires us to learn how to talk to our computer. This chapter will help you  
to get started.  
WHAT IS THIS CHAPTER FOR?  
This chapter is a step-by-step guide for understanding programs and learning to use  
the computer language called BASIC.  
WHO IS THIS CHAPTER FOR?  
This guide is written for students and adults who have little or no computer experience.  
With a little time and effort you will discover that there is nothing difficult about learning  
to talk to a computer.  
WHAT IF I MAKE A MISTAKE?  
Don’t worry about making a mistake, this program allows you to experiment. The  
more you experiment, the more you will learn.  
30  
 
THE KEYBOARD  
1. The numeric (top row) keys are used for entering numbers. The letter keys are  
used for entering letters.  
2. The cursor is the blinking symbol “_” on the display that indicates where the  
next character that is pressed on the keyboard will be entered in the computer.  
3. The SHIFT key is used with another key to enter a character into the computer.  
For example to enter the “+” character, you must press SHIFT and the key marked  
“+ =”. If you just press the “+ =” key then the “=” character will be entered.  
4. The Left Arrow key and the Right Arrow key are used to position the cursor left  
or right, respectively. They do not erase any character that is displayed, but  
you can type over anything in their positions.  
5. To enter a space, simply press the SPACE bar. Each time you press the SPACE  
bar, one space is inserted on the display line.  
6. The INS and DEL keys are used to insert or delete one character at a time  
on the display where the cursor is positioned.  
When the INS key is pressed once, it will be in the insert mode. All characters  
to the right of the cursor position will be shifted one character to the right to  
make room for the new character once it is input through the keyboard. Pressing  
the INS key again will go to the overwrite mode.  
The DEL key is used to delete one character at a time on the display where  
the cursor is positioned. The DEL key will shift all characters on the display  
one position to the left, thereby erasing the character under the cursor.  
7. Before anything on the display is actually sent, you must press the ENTER key.  
This key acts much like a Return key on a typewriter. You press all the keys  
that comprise a statement to the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning  
unit and then press ENTER. PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS will process  
your command and the information.  
8. Every time BASIC is selected, it is in the overwrite mode. That is, the character  
you type will appear on the screen whether there is a character at the cursor  
position or not.  
9. The “^” character on the ^ 6 key (which is used only in the BASIC program)  
is used to tell the computer you want to raise the number preceding it to a power  
of the number following it.  
10. The BREAK key is used to do the following. When you are typing a line, but  
before you press ENTER, it will erase all that you have typed; or, if you are  
running a BASIC program, you can interrupt it by pressing this key. You can  
restart a program by typing CONT and pressing the ENTER key.  
When using the INPUT command, PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS will  
ask you to supply it with some data from the keyboard. PRECOMPUTER POWER  
PAD™ PLUS tells you it needs input with a prompt. The prompt is the “?” symbol  
and it appears on the display indicating that the computer is waiting for you to  
type something. The letters and numbers that you press will appear on the LCD  
screen.  
31  
 
THE LCD SCREEN  
The PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit uses a Liquid Crystal  
Display (LCD) screen. Each line will display 20 characters at a time. The Left Arrow  
key and Right Arrow key are used to scroll the 20 character display window left or  
right, respectively.  
In BASIC, pressing the ENTER key allows you to see the next printed statement  
that your program is displaying. You need to do this so the output doesn’t scroll  
off the end of the line.  
GETTING STARTED  
This activity lets you type in your own programs and run them. Follow these simple steps:  
1) Turn on PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS.  
2) Choose the BASIC activity from the Membrane Activity Selector.  
There are two modes available; Command and Run.  
Type in this program:  
10 PRINT “HI THERE”  
press ENTER  
This is a simple way of writing a program. Type in the program lines and remember to  
press the ENTER key. Each line starts with a number and is followed by a statement.  
PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS stores the line with the other lines into memory.  
Later you can execute the program by typing the command, RUN. Remember to press  
the ENTER key after typing RUN. The results appearing on the LCD screen are: HI THERE.  
There is a short cut.  
Enter the following (no line number in front):  
PRINT “HI THERE”  
press ENTER  
This time PRINT was used as a command and the results appeared immediately on the  
display after the ENTER key was pressed. The computer executes the command right  
away, without waiting for you to type RUN. When you do this, the statements are not  
saved for future re-use. They are executed immediately and discarded. This is not  
recommended for creating programs but highly recommended for use as a calculator.  
The following are some additional commands to be used:  
NEW  
This command clears the memory of any BASIC statements that have been previously  
entered.  
LIST  
This command displays each line of your program starting with the lowest line number.  
Each time you press ENTER, the next lines are displayed. You can stop this by pressing  
the SHIFT and BREAK keys. If you enter the command with a line number after the word,  
i.e., LIST 50, PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS will list the statement at line 50.  
32  
 
RUN  
This command instructs PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS to begin executing each  
BASIC statement with a line number that was typed into memory. The computer will start  
with the lowest line number and proceed up to the highest numbered statement.  
EDIT  
Use the EDIT command when you want to change a statement that has been typed into  
memory without re-typing the entire line. Type EDIT and the line number and press the  
ENTER key. The statement will appear on the display. Use the LEFT-ARROW and RIGHT-  
ARROW keys to move the cursor. Use the DEL key to remove an unwanted character,  
or type in a new character.  
You can type in line-numbered BASIC statements in any order. The PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS will sort them out for you and LIST them or RUN starting with the  
lowest numbered statement to the highest numbered statement. It is a good idea to number  
your lines in increments of 10 (10, 20, 30...) or 100 (100, 200, 300...). This way you will  
have room to add more statements if you decide to change your program in the future.  
You can insert an entirely new line in a program between two existing ones by using a  
line number that doesn’t exist. To delete an existing line-numbered statement, type the  
line number and press the ENTER key. You can also change an existing line by re-typing  
the entire line.  
AUTO  
When you want to type in a program, type in the line number before the statement. With  
the AUTO function, the line number will generate automatically.  
e.g. AUTO  
AUTO 100  
generate the line no. starting from 10 with  
increments of 10  
generate the line no. starting from 100 with  
increments of 10  
AUTO 100, 5 generate the line no. starting from 100 with  
increments of  
5
100  
105  
i.e.  
To end the AUTO mode, press ENTER without input or press the SHIFT key and the BREAK  
key at the same time.  
CONT  
This command causes the program to resume executing after encountering the BASIC  
command called STOP. The program will be carried on with the next statement after STOP.  
Type CONT to resume the program after you press the SHIFT and BREAK keys.  
33  
 
BASIC COMPUTER TUTORIAL  
EXAMPLE OF A BASIC PROGRAM  
You and Teresa went to the local video store to rent some movies. Teresa brought back  
12 but 4 were too scary for you so you returned them. On that trip you came home with  
7 new movies. How many are you going to watch this afternoon? You could work this  
out yourself, but here is a BASIC program that can do the arithmetic for you.  
Type in:  
10 PRINT 12-4+7  
20 END  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
Now type RUN and press ENTER. What happens? The answer, 15, appears on the screen.  
In BASIC, you write a series of line-numbered statements that tell the PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS what to do. The first statement, numbered 10, tells the computer  
to work out the sum of three numbers and then PRINT the answer on the screen. The  
next statement, number 20, tells the computer that this is the end of the program and that  
it can stop RUNNING. However, the last statement is not necessary in this program because  
you only want to print out the sum of 3 numbers, therefore, it could be removed.  
Remove that last line by typing 20 and press ENTER. Now type RUN and press ENTER. What  
happens? You get the same results.  
Suppose you typed:  
10 PRONG 12-4+7  
press ENTER  
Now type RUN and press ENTER. What happens? You get a strange message, “? SYNTAX  
ERROR IN 10” in the display. That means you made a mistake in BASIC grammar and  
this is the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit’s way of telling you this. You need  
to EDIT the line or re-type it, changing “PRONG” to “PRINT” and then RUN the program  
again to get the correct answer.  
You can use PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS as a calculator in arithmetic statements  
like the one above by not using a line number.  
Just type:  
PRINT 12-4+7  
press ENTER  
The answer will appear on the screen.  
Another short cut is that you could use the “?” symbol to stand for the word “PRINT.When  
you are using BASIC as a calculator in “command mode”, think of the question mark as  
meaning “What is 12-4+7?” When you are using the question mark as a “PRINT” command  
in a program, the computer will replace the “?” with the word “PRINT” for you.  
34  
 
LET’S DO SOME ARITHMETIC  
In the previous section you learned to program the sum of three numbers using the BASIC  
program. Numbers like 1, 3, 27, 14.3, etc., are called CONSTANTS, numbers that do not  
change value. The program added and subtracted the constants 12, 4 and 7. The order  
that you do addition is unimportant: 6+10 is the same as 10+6. In subtraction, the order  
is important: 10-6 is not the same as 6-10. So the order that you write numbers and  
do arithmetic operations is very important. In BASIC, operations are from left to right.  
The * symbol is used to represent multiplication. Like addition, the order of the numbers is  
unimportant. Here’s an example. There are 2.204 pounds to a kilogram. How many pounds  
does a 6 kilogram parakeet weigh?  
Type this:  
10 PRINT 6*2.204  
RUN  
press ENTER  
The symbol / is used for division. Here, like in subtraction, the order of the numbers is  
important since 15/3 is 5 and 3/15 is .2. How many kilograms does a 6 pound parakeet  
weigh?  
Type this:  
10 PRINT 6/2.204  
RUN  
press ENTER  
You can also raise a number to a power. To do this you need the ^ sign. The expression  
5^3 means 5*5*5 or 125; similarly, 3^5 means 3*3*3*3*3 or 243. There are fractional powers;  
for example 2^.5 is the square root of 2 or 1.414.... Here’s an example: I bet you 1 dollar  
and throw the dice 10 times; each time you double your money. How much have you  
won?  
Type this:  
10 PRINT 2^10  
RUN  
press ENTER  
When you use all the operations together, it can get a bit complicated. After a winning  
baseball game, your 7 person team is awarded 3 cans of pop for the game plus another  
11 cans because you finished first in the league. How many cans does each player get?  
35  
 
Type this:  
10 PRINT 3+11/7  
RUN  
press ENTER  
Is it really evaluated from left to right? Yes, but was it the answer you were expecting?  
If the answer came out to 4.57143, the computer first divided 11 by 7 getting 1.57143 and  
then it added 3 to the result giving 4.57143. You probably were expecting the answer  
to be 2 because 3+11 is 14, then divided by 7 is 2.  
You can see that expressions are not simply evaluated from left to right. It is necessary  
to have an exact set of rules to follow.  
Here they are:  
Functions  
Order in which they are performed  
( )  
^
things in parentheses  
(1st)  
(2nd)  
(3rd)  
(4th)  
raising to a power  
* /  
multiplication and division  
+ - addition and subtraction  
The computer will always look at an expression in parentheses first and follows those  
commands. It could be an expression or more sets of brackets. Among the expression,  
raising to a power is calculated first, followed by multiplication and division from left to right,  
followed by addition and subtraction from left to right. If you’re not sure how the computer  
will evaluate the expression, simply put brackets around the expression you want computed  
first. Remember the brackets must always be in pairs, one right bracket for each left one.  
If you don’t use both brackets, you will receive a “? SYNTAX ERROR” message.  
NUMERIC VARIABLES  
You have seen how you can use BASIC to print numbers and messages. You can also  
give values to a BASIC program yourself. The computer uses a letter to stand for a value.  
This is called a variable. For example LET D = 609. This statement puts the value 609  
into a memory box called “D.”  
Try this. Type:  
10 LET A=8  
press ENTER  
36  
 
The computer creates a box in memory and calls it “A”. It puts the number 8 in this box.  
Now type:  
20 LET B=10  
press ENTER  
The computer creates a box called “B” and places 10 into it.  
Type:  
30 LET B=15  
press ENTER  
Since there is a box called “B” already with a value of 10 in it, it doesn’t make another  
box called “B” with a value of 15 in it. The number 10 is just replaced with the number  
15.  
Now type:  
40 LET C=A+B  
press ENTER  
This statement is a bit more complicated. Here’s how it works. First, the computer searches  
for a memory box called “B” and finds the number 15. The “+” sign tells the computer  
to add the numbers found in “A” and “B” together. It computes this and the answer is  
23. Now, where is the answer placed? The “=” tells the computer to store the answer  
in a memory box called “C”. The computer searches for a box called “C”. It doesn’t find  
one so it creates one in memory and then puts the answer there.  
Of course, if there was a memory variable called “C” that had a number in it from a previous  
operation, the old number would be replaced by the new one in this statement.  
Now let’s finish this by typing:  
50 PRINT “FIRST NUMBER”; A  
press ENTER  
60 PRINT “SECOND NUMBER”; B press ENTER  
70 PRINT “THE SUM IS”; C  
RUN  
press ENTER  
37  
 
You will see the following on the screen:  
FIRST NUMBER 8  
SECOND NUMBER 15  
THE SUM IS 23  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
Let’s take a look at the print statements on lines 50 through 70. The words in quotes  
are called a STRING or a LITERAL. Whatever you put between a set of quotation marks  
will appear on the screen exactly the way you typed it. Remember that quotation marks  
come in pairs!  
Next, the semicolon tells the print statement to print what is immediately to the right of  
the end of the string. This is the number 8, which is the value in memory box A.  
Suppose that you asked the computer to multiply 3 million times 3 million.  
Let’s try. Type:  
10 PRINT 3000000*3000000  
RUN  
press ENTER  
The answer on the screen is 9E+12. This is the computer’s way of showing extremely  
large numbers. A number with the letter E and a number to the right of the decimal point  
is called scientific or exponential notation. You find the decimal point and move the number  
of places specified after the “E” to the right filling in with zeros. The long way to write  
out the above answer is 9,000,000,000,000. The procedure works in reverse for very small  
numbers. The number 9E-12 is .000000000009. This is a very small positive number.  
The number -9E+12 is a very large negative number while the number -9E-12 is a very  
small negative number.  
STRING VARIABLES  
String variables are similar to the numeric variables that we have been working with so far  
except that the variables contain alphabetic characters (numbers, letters and symbols). The  
name of the memory variable always contains a $ to distinguish it as a string variable. String  
variables are not used in arithmetic but allow you to store things like your pet’s name. Here  
are some examples:  
38  
 
VARIABLE NAMES  
CONTENTS  
675  
A
B
2.3434  
C$  
A$  
CURTIS  
ALPHABET SOUP  
Here’s an example of storing a string variable:  
10 LET A$=“ALPHABET SOUP NO 123”  
You can have a numeric variable called A and a string variable called A$. The $ lets  
BASIC know how to tell them apart.  
NOTE: For both numeric and string variables, only the first 2 characters of the variable  
names are valid. Also, they cannot resemble the name of any command.  
Examples: TOTAL is interpreted as the TO command and POTATO is interpreted as variable  
PO.  
CONSTANTS  
A constant is something that doesn’t change. The computer stores it in memory just like  
a variable. However, since a constant doesn’t change it has no variable name. The number  
6 is a constant; so is 4.567 or 28967.35. “QUICK BROWN FOX” is a string constant.  
You can store constants to a variable. That’s usually done to start out a program; later  
the contents of the variables change. Suppose we want to count to 10.  
Type in this program:  
New  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
10 N=0  
20 N=N+1  
30 PRINT N  
40 IF N<10 THEN 20  
39  
 
50 PRINT “THE ANSWER IS”; N press ENTER  
RUN  
The statement at line 10 stores the numeric constant zero into N, a numeric variable. In  
statement 20 the variable will have a numeric constant,1, added to itself and then the sum  
of that operation will be stored in place of the value previously stored there.  
The program in the above example contains a programming construction called a loop.  
A loop is one or more BASIC statements, usually called a set, that can be executed as  
many times as you want. The statement in line 40 contains an IF statement. It is called  
a conditional statement and will be discussed in detail under the topic called Making  
Decisions.  
INPUTTING DATA  
We have been putting information into the computer by typing constants into programs using  
statements like the following:  
10 LET N=10  
press ENTER  
20 LET A$=“NANCY LIKES CHOCOLATE CUPCAKES”  
Another way to supply data is by using an INPUT statement.  
Try this out by typing:  
NEW  
10 INPUT “GIVE ME A NUMBER”; N  
20 PRINT “YOUR NUMBER IS”; N  
RUN  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
The unit will prompt you to input a number with the character. Type any number of digits  
that you like and press ENTER.  
You can also input alphabetic data into string variables like this program:  
10 INPUT “WHAT IS YOUR NAME”; N$ press ENTER  
20 PRINT “HI THERE”; N$  
40  
 
You can use as many input statements as you need to get all the values into your program.  
Try this:  
NEW  
10 INPUT “GIVE ME A NUMBER”; N1  
20 INPUT “AND ANOTHER”; N2  
30 PRINT “I WILL ADD THEM”  
40 C=N1+N2  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
50 PRINT “THE ANSWER IS”; C  
Type RUN and press ENTER to see what happens.  
MAKING DECISIONS  
The IF statement tells the computer that it has to make a decision. It does this by comparing  
two numbers, or arithmetic expressions or string variables. It uses special symbols to represent  
a condition.  
The symbol > means greater than.  
The symbol < means less than.  
The symbol = means equal to.  
The symbol > = means greater than or equal to.  
The symbol < = means less than or equal to.  
Here are some conditions:  
5 < 10  
20 > 10  
They are both true because  
5 is less than 10  
20 is greater than 10  
The IF statement has a condition either TRUE or FALSE. The computer evaluates the  
condition and decides that if a condition is TRUE it will do something for the TRUE condition.  
Take the following:  
IF A > 90 THEN PRINT “YOU ARE SMART”  
41  
 
The A > 90 is a condition. The print “YOU ARE SMART” is the command given for the  
true condition. In the above example, let’s give A the value 80. Would the message be  
printed? No, it would not be printed because the condition is false (80 is less than 90).  
Let’s try a program to compute the area of a rectangle.  
Type:  
NEW  
10 INPUT “ENTER THE LENGTH”;L press ENTER  
20 INPUT “ENTER WIDTH”;W  
30 LET A=L*W  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
40 PRINT “THE AREA IS”;A  
50 INPUT “ANOTHER? (Y/N)”;R$  
60 IF R$=“Y” THEN 10  
70 PRINT “THAT’S ALL FOLKS!”  
80 END  
RUN  
This program uses the INPUT statement to get values for numeric variables and prints  
a computed result. It then prompts for a string variable and makes the decision to begin  
again if the value typed in is a Y.  
Here’s another one.  
Type:  
NEW  
10 INPUT “GIVE ME A NUMBER”;A  
20 INPUT “AND ANOTHER”;B  
30 PRINT “ADD, SUBTRACT, MULTIPLY OR DIVIDE”  
40 PRINT “TYPE IN THE FIRST LETTER OF THE”  
42  
 
50 PRINT “ARITHMETIC OPERATION YOU WANT”  
60 PRINT “ME TO DO FOR YOU”  
70 INPUT R$  
100 IF R$=“A” THEN C=A+B : GOTO 200  
110 IF R$=“S” THEN C=A-B : GOTO 200  
120 IF R$=“M” THEN C=A*B : GOTO 200  
130 IF R$=“D” THEN C=A/B : GOTO 200  
140 PRINT “YOU MADE A MISTAKE”  
150 PRINT “TRY AGAIN”  
160 GOTO 30  
200 PRINT “THE ANSWER IS ”;C  
300 END  
This is a long program but it has a lot of new information that is worthwhile to know. Line  
70 contains an INPUT statement without the prompt string. Lines 100 through 130 contain  
two statements for the command when the condition is true. One is a LET statement  
without the word LET (C=A+B) and the other is a GOTO statement. Both of the statements  
are separated from each other by the colon ( : symbol). The GOTO statement tells the  
computer the number of the next statement to do. Line 140 is an error trap. It tells you  
that you have not followed instructions.  
You can experiment some more with this program and put in a decision to start the program  
all over again.  
If you change line 300 to be GOTO 10, the program runs continually. You can stop it  
by pressing the SHIFT and BREAK keys and resume it by typing in CONT and press  
ENTER.  
43  
 
LOOPING  
A loop is a set of one or more instructions. These instructions can be repeated as many  
times as you want. You can create a loop with a GOTO statement.  
A program like the following will run continually:  
10 INPUT “GIVE ME A NUMBER”;N  
20 PRINT “YOUR NUMBER IS”;N  
30 GOTO 10  
RUN  
You can modify the program to get out of a loop by using an IF statement to control the  
loop like the program that calculates the area of a rectangle.  
Another way to create a loop is through the use of the FOR and NEXT statements. These  
statements surround the instructions that you want to repeat.  
For example, type the following:  
NEW  
10 FOR N=1 TO 10  
20 PRINT “HELLO”  
30 NEXT N  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
RUN  
The word “HELLO” appears 10 times on the screen. You can change line 20 to print  
the value of N every time the loop repeats.  
Type:  
20 PRINT “N IS”;N  
press ENTER  
44  
 
We could always rewrite the program like this:  
10 N=1  
20 PRINT “N IS”;N  
30 N=N+1  
40 IF N > 10 THEN END  
50 GOTO 20  
We can also count by 2’s. Let’s bring back the previous program and change line 10.  
The entire program looks like this:  
NEW  
10 FOR N=1 TO 10 STEP 2  
20 PRINT “N IS”;N  
30 NEXT N  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
The STEP 2 part changes the meaning hidden in the NEXT N statement to be N = N  
+ 2 or any other number that gets put in the STEP part.  
We can even count backwards.  
Try this:  
NEW  
10 FOR N=10 TO 1 STEP -1  
20 PRINT N  
30 NEXT N  
40 PRINT “BLAST OFF”  
RUN  
45  
 
MORE ABOUT GROUPS - GOSUB ... RETURN  
How much is 10 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit? What is 100 degrees Fahrenheit in Celsius?  
Here’s a program that gives you the answers. It uses the GOSUB and RETURN statements  
to create a group of instructions that can be executed from various parts of the program.  
Remember when you use a GOSUB, the program branches to the line number that you  
specify in the statements that will be executed sequentially until a RETURN statement is  
encountered. At that point the program will resume at the next statement following the  
GOSUB. Confusing? Not really, but first some more background about our problem.  
The formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is:  
F=(9/5*C)+32  
The formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius is:  
C=(F-32)*5/9  
Now for the program!  
Type:  
New  
10 INPUT “ENTER THE CELSIUS TEMP”;C  
20 GOSUB 500  
30 INPUT “ENTER THE FAHRENHEIT TEMP”;F  
40 GOSUB 600  
50 END  
500 F=(C*9/5)+32  
510 PRINT “THE FAHRENHEIT TEMP IS”;F  
520 RETURN  
600 C=(F-32)*5/9  
610 PRINT “THE CELSIUS TEMP IS”;C  
630 RETURN  
RUN  
46  
 
REFERENCE SECTION  
The REFERENCE SECTION contains a brief explanation of all the commands and  
statements you will use in this chapter. Refer to this when you need help.  
CLEAR  
The CLEAR statement is used to assign more memory space for the string variables.  
Example:  
10 Clear 100  
This command will assign 100 bytes of memory for strings. If the CLEAR command is  
not used, the computer will assume the number of bytes of memory for strings to be 50.  
The use of the CLEAR command only will reserve the same number of bytes as the default  
value. However, if a value follows the CLEAR command, the computer will assign the  
number of bytes of that value. If you want to use more strings in your program, set this  
number to a larger one but, at the same time, you will have less space for your program.  
CONT  
Also see STOP  
This command causes the program to resume executing after encountering the BASIC  
command called STOP. The program will carry on with the next statement after STOP.  
You can type CONT to resume the program after you hit the SHIFT and BREAK keys.  
DIM  
Line # DIM array-name (array-size).  
The DIM command reserves space for one dimensional numeric or string arrays. The array-  
name may be up to 6 characters long but only the first 2 characters are valid. For a  
string array the last character must be a $. The array can contain up to 100 elements  
(0-99).  
Example:  
10 DIM FRIEND$(50)  
10 DIM PRICE(19)  
47  
 
EDIT  
Use the EDIT command when you want to change a statement that has been typed into  
memory without re-typing the entire line. Just type EDIT and the line number and press  
the ENTER key. The statement will appear on the display. Use the LEFT-ARROW and  
RIGHT-ARROW keys to move the cursor. Use the DEL key to remove an unwanted  
character, or simply type in new characters.  
Example:  
10 INPUT B  
EDIT 10  
press ENTER  
press ENTER  
10 INPUT B_  
Then use Left-Arrow key to move the cursor back under“B”.  
10 INPUT B  
Then type in “C”.  
10 INPUT C_  
You can type in line-numbered BASIC statements in any order. PRECOMPUTER POWER  
PAD™ PLUS will sort them out for you and LIST them or RUN them starting with the  
lowest numbered one. It is a good idea to number your lines in increments of 10 (10,  
20, 30...) or 100 (100, 200, 300...). This way you have room to add more statements  
if you decide to change your program in the future.  
You can insert an entirely new line in a program by using a line number that doesn’t exist  
between two existing ones. You can delete an existing line-numbered statement by merely  
typing the line number and pressing the ENTER key. Of course, you can change an existing  
line by merely re-typing the entire line.  
END  
Line # END  
The END statement is used as the last command in a program. It stops the program.  
Examples:  
160 END  
999 END  
48  
 
PSET  
This command is used for drawing a specified point on the screen.  
PSET X, Y  
(X, Y) is a coordinate of the specified point to be shown.  
X represents a value of a horizontal position.  
Y represents a value of a vertical position.  
Example:  
10 CLS  
20 PSET 100, 8  
RUN  
The result: a screen pixel at coordinate (100, 8) will be turned on.  
PRESET  
This command turns off a specified point on the screen.  
PRESET X, Y  
(X, Y) is the coordinate of the specified point to be cleared.  
X
Y
represents a value of a horizontal position.  
represents a value of a vertical position.  
Example:  
10 CLS  
20 FOR X= 50 TO 100  
30 PSET X, 8  
40 FOR DELAY= 1 TO 70  
50 NEXT DELAY  
60 PRESET X, 8  
70 NEXT X  
80 END  
49  
 
SOUND  
This is a command to generate a sound note.  
SOUND consists of two functions: frequency and duration  
frequency The frequency of the sound in hertz; a value in the range  
0 < frequency parameter < 256  
duration  
The number of the system clock ticks so the sound lasts; a value in the range  
0 < duration parameter < 256  
FOR ... TO ... STEP ... NEXT  
Line# FOR variable = initial value TO final value STEP stepsize (optional)  
Line#  
Line#  
Line#  
Line# NEXT variable  
The FOR ... NEXT statement repeats a task a set number of times without having to  
rewrite it. All statements between the FOR and NEXT command are repeated based on  
the initial value, the final value and the stepsize. If the STEP portion of the command  
is not used, it is assumed to be 1.  
Example:  
60 FOR ITEMS=1 TO 20  
70 INPUT PRICE  
80 SUM=PRICE+SUM  
90 NEXT ITEMS  
RUN  
FUNCTION  
A function is a mathematical procedure which when applied to a certain value will give  
a new value. We call the value in brackets ( ), the argument, and the new value, the  
result.  
Example:  
SQR is a square root function.  
50  
 
Type PRINT SQR (9). (press ENTER)  
The answer is 3.  
Example:  
Y=9 : X=SQR(Y) : PRINT X  
press ENTER  
The answer is 3.  
In these two examples, 9 is the argument, SQR is the function and 3 is the result.  
A LIST OF NUMERIC FUNCTIONS  
Function  
ABS (X)  
SGN (X)  
What it does  
Returns the absolute (positive) Value of X  
Returns the sign of the argument  
X negative returns - 1  
X positive returns + 1  
X zero returns 0  
SQR (X)  
LOG (X)  
Returns the square root of X. X cannot be negative.  
Gives the natural logarithm of X, i.e.,  
the logarithm to the base e (=2.71828).  
The value of the argument must be greater than zero.  
EXP (X)  
Gives you the value ex, i.e., the natural antilogarithm  
of X.  
INT  
(X)  
Gives the greatest integer which is less than or  
equal to X.  
RND (X)  
Gives a random whole number between 1 and X.  
If X equals zero, RND (X) returns a random number  
between 0 and 1. X cannot be negative.  
SIN (X)  
COS (X)  
TAN (X)  
The argument of the trigonometrical functions  
is taken to be in radians (1 radian=360/2π = 57.296 degrees).  
The range of X is -999 < (X) < 999.  
ATN (X)  
This gives the result of ARC TANGENT in radians.  
51  
 
ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS  
ABS (X)  
This gives the absolute (positive) value of the argument. So ABS (-7)=7.  
Example:  
PRINT ABS (7-2*4)  
1
press ENTER  
SGN (X)  
This function will give the value of +1 if X is positive, 0 if X is zero, and -1 if X is negative.  
So SGN(4.3)=1; SGN(0)=0; SGN(-276)=-1  
Example:  
A=6  
press ENTER  
PRINT SGN (A); SGN (A-A)  
1 0  
press ENTER  
INT (X)  
This converts numbers which are not whole into the largest whole number below the  
argument. So INT (5.9)=5; also INT (-5.9)=-6. Note that with negative arguments, the  
absolute value of the result returned by INT will be greater than that of the number.  
Example:  
PRINT INT (-6.7)  
-7  
press ENTER  
RND (X)  
This will produce a random number between 1 and X if X is a positive number.  
52  
 
Example:  
PRINT RND (19)  
press ENTER  
You will get a number between 1 and 19. RND (0) will give you a number between 0  
and 1.  
Note: X cannot be negative.  
Important Note: From now on, the ENTER key sign will be deleted for simplicity.  
Remember to press the ENTER key after each line of entry.  
STRING FUNCTIONS  
We can also use functions to act on strings. Take a look at the following:  
LEN  
This function computes the length of the string argument, which must be in brackets. So  
if you type PRINT LEN (“JOHN”) the computer will return the result 4. This is telling  
you that there are 4 characters in the string “JOHN”. Blank spaces have the value of  
characters. Thus if you put in spaces “J O H N”, it comes out as 7 characters.  
STR$  
The STR$ function changes a number argument into a string. Take a look at the following  
example and see how it works.  
Example:  
A$=STR$(73)  
This is the same as saying A$=“73”.  
Here is a sample program.  
Type the next example:  
10 A$=STR$(7*3)  
20 B$=A$+“BIG”  
30 PRINT B$  
RUN  
21BIG  
53  
 
VAL  
VAL works like STR$ but in reverse. It changes a string argument into a number. Look  
at the following short program.  
Example:  
10 A$=“33”  
20 B$=“20”  
30 C=VAL(A$+B$)  
40 D= VAL (A$) + VAL (B$)  
50 PRINT C;D  
RUN  
3320 53  
GRAPHICS FUNCTION  
PGET function  
Returns the color attribute of a specified pixel.  
PGET(X, Y) = n  
n
1
0
Returns  
the current coordinates(X, Y) turns the pixel status ON  
the current coordinates(X, Y) turns the pixel status OFF  
SUBSTRINGS  
It is also possible to get substrings of strings. A substring is a part of a string. For example:  
“ABC” is a substring of “ABCDE”. The following three functions operate on substrings.  
LEFT$ (A$,N)  
This will return the substring from the left-most of string A$, the first character to the Nth  
character.  
54  
 
Example:  
10 A$=“ABCDE”  
20 B$=LEFT$ (A$+“FGH”,6)  
30 PRINT B$  
RUN  
ABCDEF  
RIGHT$ (A$,N)  
This will return a substring but starting from the Nth character from the end and running  
to the last one - the right-most character in the string A$.  
Example:  
10 A$=“WHY”  
20 B$=RIGHT$(A$+“ME”,4)  
30 PRINT B$  
RUN  
HYME  
MID$ (A$,M,N)  
This function returns a substring of the string A$ starting from the Mth character with a  
length of N characters.  
Example:  
10 A$=“ABCDEFGH”  
20 B$=MID$(A$,2,3)  
30 PRINT B$  
RUN  
BCD  
55  
 
ASC(A$)  
The ASC statement will return the ASCII code, a code for representing alphanumeric  
information, for the FIRST character of the specified string. Brackets must enclose the  
string specified. Refer to the appendix of THE ASCII CODE TABLE (Page 72). For example,  
the ASCII decimal value of “X” is 88. If A$=“XAB”, then ASC (A$)=88.  
Example:  
10 X=ASC(“ROY”)  
20 PRINT X  
RUN  
82  
CHR$ (N)  
This statement works the opposite way as the ASC statement. The CHR$ statement will  
return the string character which corresponds to the given ASCII code. The argument may  
be any number from 32 to 127 or any variable expression with an integer value within  
that range. Brackets must be put around the argument.  
Example:  
30 PRINT CHR$(68)  
RUN  
D
GOSUB...RETURN  
Line# GOSUB first line number of subroutine.  
Line#  
Line#  
Line#  
Line# first line number of subroutine  
Line#  
Line# RETURN  
The GOSUB command tells the computer to GOTO another line number. After the process  
has been completed, a RETURN statement is used to send the computer back to the line  
immediately after the GOSUB. These statements are used to process a series of commands  
that are frequently used.  
56  
 
Example:  
30 GOSUB 120  
.
.
other program lines  
.
.
120 PRINT “WELCOME TO THE”  
130 PRINT “PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD PLUS”  
140 RETURN  
GOTO  
Line # GOTO line number  
The GOTO statement is used to change the normal flow of the program (which is from  
the lowest statement number to the highest). A GOTO command transfers control to the  
specified line.  
Examples:  
10 GOTO 130  
200 GOTO 65  
IF...THEN...ELSE  
In general terms, the IF...THEN... statement is used for CONDITIONAL BRANCHING. It  
uses the general form “IF (condition) THEN (action clause)”. A condition is made up of  
an expression, a relation and another expression.  
Any BASIC expression, either numeric or string, may be used, but both expressions must  
be the same type.  
57  
 
Relations or comparisons used in the IF...THEN statement are the following:  
= Equal to  
< = Less than or equal to  
< > Not equal to  
> = Greater than or equal to  
< Less than  
> Greater than  
Examples of how you can use conditions:  
IF....THEN A=B  
IF....THEN GOTO  
IF....THEN GOSUB  
IF....THEN PRINT  
IF....THEN INPUT  
Example:  
30 IF X >25 THEN 60  
If the condition X>25 is true, the computer is told to go to line 60 (Note: the GOTO is  
optional after THEN).  
If the condition is not true, that is, if X is not greater than 25, then the computer simply  
carries on with the normal line number order in the program. Notice that it is not necessary  
to use the ELSE part of the command here, as this is optional.  
Example:  
10 INPUT A,B  
20 IF A > B THEN 50  
30 IF A < B THEN 60  
40 IF A = B THEN 70  
50 PRINT A; “IS GREATER THAN”; B:END  
60 PRINT A; “IS LESS THAN”; B: END  
70 PRINT A; “IS EQUAL TO”;B  
80 END  
RUN  
? 7 (pick a number)  
?? 3 (pick a number)  
7 IS GREATER THAN 3  
58  
 
Example:  
40 IF P=6 THEN PRINT “TRUE” ELSE PRINT “FALSE”  
In this example, if P=6 the computer will print TRUE. Any other value will print FALSE.  
In either case the computer will carry onto the next line.  
It is possible for more than one statement to follow the THEN or ELSE command. A colon  
separates the statements.  
Example:  
50 IF A =5 THEN PRINT “TRUE”: S=S-3:  
GOTO 90 ELSE PRINT “FALSE”: K=K+8  
So if A equals 5 the computer will print TRUE, subtract 3 from the variable S and go to  
line 90. If A does not equal 5 the computer will print FALSE, add 8 to the variable K  
and then carry on with the next normal line.  
LOGICAL OPERATORS  
Logical operators are used IF...THEN...ELSE and such statements where a condition is used  
to determine subsequent operations within the user program. The logical operators are:  
AND, OR, and NOT.  
For the purpose of this discussion, A and B are relational expressions having only TRUE  
and FALSE. Logical operations are performed after mathematical and relational operations.  
Operator  
NOT  
Example  
NOT A  
Meaning  
If A is true, NOT A is false.  
AND  
A AND B  
A AND B has the value true, only if A and B  
are both true.  
A AND B has the value false if either A or B  
is false.  
OR  
A OR B  
A OR B has the value true if either A or B or  
both are true.  
It has the value false if both are false.  
59  
 
TRUTH TABLES  
The following tables are called TRUTH TABLES. They illustrate the results of the previous  
logical operations with both A and B given for every possible combination of values.  
TRUTH TABLE FOR “NOT” FUNCTION  
A
T
F
NOT A  
F
T
TRUTH TABLE FOR “AND” FUNCTION  
A
T
T
F
F
B
T
F
T
F
A AND B  
T
F
F
F
TRUTH TABLE FOR “OR” FUNCTION  
A
T
T
F
F
B
T
F
T
F
A OR B  
T
T
T
F
60  
 
Note that T = TRUE and F = FALSE.  
Example:  
10  
INPUT A,B,C  
20  
IF A=B AND B=C THEN PRINT “A=B=C”  
30  
IF (NOT A=B) OR (NOT B=C) THEN 50  
40  
END  
50  
PRINT “A=B=C IS FALSE”  
END  
60  
RUN  
? 10  
?? 5  
?? 7  
(pick a number)  
(pick a number)  
(pick a number)  
A=B=C IS FALSE  
Moreover AND, OR, and NOT can be used to manipulate numerical values. These operations  
are based on binary numbers with 1 and 0 representing TRUE and FALSE respectively.  
For example:  
NOT 1=-2 [1=binary 00000001 and -2=binary 11111110, so it just changes the 1 to 0 and  
0 to 1. In other words, TRUE(1) changed to FALSE(0) and FALSE(0) changed to TRUE(1).]  
OR 13=15 [6=binary 00000110 and 13=binary 00001101, so, with reference to the OR truth  
table, 6 OR 13 =15=binary 00001111]  
AND 13=4 [6=binary 00000110 and 13=binary 00001101, so with reference to the AND truth  
table, 6 AND 13=4 binary 00000100]  
INPUT  
Line # INPUT “(optional character string)”; variable 1, variable 2,....  
INPUT allows the user to type in the value of a variable at the time the program is RUN.  
If an optional character string is used, this message will be printed before the question  
is asked. The type of data to be INPUT varies according to the type of the variable.  
61  
 
Examples:  
35 INPUT AMOUNT  
140 INPUT “WHAT IS YOUR NAME”;NAME$  
LET  
Line # LET variable = variable expression  
The variable expression is calculated and the result is stored under the variable. The word  
LET is optional.  
Examples:  
40 LET SUM=A+B+C  
25 LET AMOUNT=PRICE-DISCOUNT  
LIST  
LIST (optional line number)  
LIST is used to display the active program. If the optional line number is omitted, the  
program will be displayed from the first line-on. If the line is longer than 20 characters,  
you must use Right Arrow key to move to the right. To continue the LISTING press the  
ENTER key. To discontinue the LISTING press the SHIFT and BREAK keys.  
Examples:  
LIST  
LIST 50  
62  
 
NEW  
NEW erases all program lines from the active program area.  
PRINT  
Line # PRINT expression and/or character string  
The PRINT statement is used to produce output on the display panel. The PRINT command  
will print one or several items - either expressions or strings. Each item in the list should  
be separated by a comma or a semicolon.  
Example:  
80 PRINT NAME$; “IS COMING”  
230 PRINT “SUM=”; A+B+C  
READ AND DATA  
When it is necessary to enter a lot of information or data into the computer, using the  
INPUT statement can be very time consuming. To help out, use the READ and DATA  
commands.  
Example:  
10 DATA 10,60,70,80,90  
20 READ A,B,C,D,E  
30 PRINT A;B;C;D;E  
RUN  
10 60 70 80 90  
The READ statement consists of a list of variable names with commas between each  
variable.  
The DATA statement consists of a list of expressions separated by commas. These  
expressions can be either numeric or strings. The READ statement makes the computer  
look up the value of its variables from the DATA statement. When the computer goes  
to READ first it will assign the first expression from the DATA list. The next time it goes  
to READ it will assign the second value and so on. If the READ runs out of DATA you  
will get “? OUT OF DATA ERROR.”  
63  
 
RESTORE  
If you want to use the same data later on in the program, you can do so by using the  
RESTORE statement.  
Example:  
10 DATA 1,3,8,9  
20 READ A,B,D  
30 RESTORE  
40 READ X,Y  
50 PRINT A;B;D  
60 PRINT X;Y  
70 END  
RUN  
1 3 8  
1 3  
The RESTORE command makes subsequent READ statements get their values from the  
start of the first DATA statement.  
Example:  
10 REM FIND AVERAGE  
20 DATA 0.125,3,0.6,7  
30 DATA 23,9.3,25.2,8  
40 S=0  
50 FOR I=1 TO 8  
60 READ N  
70 S=S+N  
80 NEXT  
90 A=S/8  
100 PRINT A  
RUN  
9.52813  
64  
 
REM  
Line # REM text  
REM is used to add comments in your program which are ignored when the program is  
RUN.  
Example:  
10 REM**GUESSING GAME**  
20 REM TEST OF SORTING  
RUN  
RUN tells the computer to begin to perform your program beginning with the lowest statement  
number.  
STOP ... CONT  
Line # STOP  
CONT  
The STOP command halts the RUNNING of a program at that line. This is helpful for  
debugging. To CONTINUE at the next line after the STOP command, type CONT directly  
without a line number.  
Example:  
800 STOP  
APPENDIX  
EXAMPLE PROGRAMS  
MOONWEIGHT  
10 PRINT “Weight on the Moon”  
20 INPUT Your Weight in Lbs.” ; WEIGHT  
30 MOONWEIGHT = WEIGHT /6  
40 PRINT Your moon weight would”  
50 PRINT “be” ; MOONWEIGHT; “pounds.”  
60 PRINT “Wow”  
RUN  
65  
 
ROCK, PAPER, SCISSORS  
10 PRINT “Rock, Paper, Scissors”  
20 PRINT “Type in P, R, S”  
30 INPUT “and see if you win. ->”; ANSWER$  
40 PRINT You :” ; ANSWER$;  
50 MYGUESS = INT (RND (0)*(3) + 1)  
60 IF MYGUESS = 1 THEN PRINT “ Me : Rock”  
70 IF MYGUESS = 2 THEN PRINT “ Me : Paper”  
80 IF MYGUESS = 3 THEN PRINT “ Me : Scissors”  
90 INPUT “To play again press Y : ”; AGAIN$  
100 IF AGAIN$ = “Y” OR AGAIN$ = “y” THEN 20  
110 END  
RUN  
CANDY KISSES  
10 PRINT “How many candy kisses”  
20 PRINT “would equal your”  
30 PRINT “weight if each kiss”  
40 PRINT “weighed one ounce”  
50 INPUT “Enter your weight.” ; WEIGHT  
60 INPUT “Enter a guess.”;GUESS  
70 AMOUNT = WEIGHT *16  
80 DIFF = ABS (AMOUNT-GUESS)  
90 PRINT AMOUNT; “kisses will”  
100 PRINT “equal your weight.”  
110 PRINT You were ”; DIFF; “off.”  
120 IF DIFF= 0 THEN PRINT “Wow that was right on!”  
130 END  
RUN  
66  
 
LIFE  
10 PRINT “If an average life”  
20 PRINT “span is 70 years”  
30 PRINT “Then how many”  
40 PRINT “generations would have”  
50 PRINT “lived in 2000 years?”  
60 INPUT “Enter a guess.”;GUESS  
70 AMOUNT = INT (2000/70)  
80 DIFF = ABS (AMOUNT-GUESS)  
90 PRINT “The answer was ” ;AMOUNT  
100 PRINT You were ”; DIFF  
110 PRINT “generations off.”  
120 END  
RUN  
THE COOLEST PERSON  
10 PRINT “Enter the coolest”  
20 INPUT “person you know”;COOL$  
30 FOR COUNT = 1 TO 50  
40 PRINT COOL$;“ is super cool!”  
50 NEXT COUNT  
60 END  
RUN  
67  
 
THE FORTUNE TELLER  
10 DIM N$(5)  
20 PRINT “The Fortune Teller”  
30 INPUT “Are you a boy or a girl” ;S$  
40 INPUT “Pick a number between 2-5”; NUMBER  
50 FOR COUNT = 1 TO NUMBER  
60 IF S$ = “boy” OR S$=“BOY” THEN 70 ELSE 90  
70 INPUT “Enter a girl’s name”; N$ (COUNT)  
80 NEXT  
85 GOTO 110  
90 INPUT “Enter a boy’s name”; N$ (COUNT)  
100 NEXT COUNT  
110 Y= INT (RND (NUMBER))  
120 TG$ = N$ (Y)  
130 PRINT “The person of your”  
140 PRINT “dreams is ” ; TG$  
RUN  
68  
 
LEARN SCHEDULE  
10 DIM WEEK$(6)  
20 DIM EVENT$(6)  
30 DATA “SUNDAY”,“PLAY TIME”  
40 DATA “MONDAY”,“LEARN ECOLOGY”  
50 DATA “TUESDAY”,“LEARN ENGLISH”  
60 DATA “WEDNESDAY”,“LEARN MUSIC”  
70 DATA “THURSDAY”,“LEARN HISTORY”  
80 DATA “FRIDAY”,“LEARN GEOGRAPHY”  
90 DATA “SATURDAY”,“PLAY FOOTBALL”  
100 REM(*)LIST(*)  
110 FOR W=0 TO 6  
120 READ WEEK$(W)  
130 READ EVENT$(W)  
140 PRINT WEEK$(W),EVENT$(W)  
150 NEXT W  
999 END  
RUN  
69  
 
MAD LIB’S  
10 REM * MAD LIB’S *  
20 PRINT “Mad Lib’s”  
30 INPUT “Adjective”; A1$  
40 INPUT Verb”; V$  
50 INPUT “Adverb”; A2$  
60 PRINT “Once upon a time”  
70 PRINT “there was a ”; A1$  
80 PRINT “dog that decided to”  
90 PRINT V$; “ ”; A2$;“ down the”  
100 PRINT “hill to fetch its”  
110 PRINT “bone.”  
120 END  
SECRET NUMBER  
0
REM **Secret Number**  
10 NO = RND(100)  
20 PRINT “Hi! I’ve got a secret number”  
30 PRINT “between 1 and 100.”  
40 INPUT “Guess it by typing a number”; ANSWER  
50 IF ANSWER = NO THEN GOTO 200  
60 IF ANSWER > NO THEN GOTO 100  
70 PRINT “No! The secret number is bigger.”  
70  
 
80 GOTO 40  
100 PRINT "No! The secret number is smaller."  
110 GOTO 40  
200 PRINT "Yes! The number is "; NO;"."  
210 END  
RUN  
PATTERN PICTURE  
10 CLS  
20 REM **DRAW A PICTURE**  
30 FOR Y=0 TO 7  
40 X= 50+Y  
50 PSET X,Y : X=X+1  
60 IF X<70-Y THEN GOTO 50  
70 NEXT  
80 FOR Y=8 TO 15  
90 X=50+15-Y  
100 PSET X,Y : X=X+1  
110 IF X<55+Y THEN GOTO 100  
120 NEXT  
130 REM REVERSE THIS PICTURE  
140 FOR X=49 TO 70  
150 FOR Y=0 TO 15  
160 IF PGET(X,Y)=0 THEN PSET X,Y ELSE PRESET X,Y  
170 NEXT  
190 END  
RUN  
71  
 
TWINLKE TWINKLE LITTLE STAR  
10 REM Twinkle Twinkle Little Star  
20 DATA 62,62,19,19,10,10,19,30,30,36,36  
30 DATA 50,50,62,19,19,30,30,36,36,50  
40 DATA 19,19,30,30,36,36,50,62,62,19,19  
50 DATA 10,10,19,30,30,36,36,50,50,62  
60 FOR I=1 TO 42  
70 READ F  
80 SOUND F,20  
90 NEXT I  
100 END  
RUN  
THE MUSIC NOTE VALUE TABLE  
Do  
62  
Re  
50  
Mi  
36  
Fa  
30  
So  
19  
La  
10  
Te  
03  
Do  
0
High  
Octave  
126  
190  
114  
178  
100  
164  
94  
83  
74  
67  
64  
158  
147  
138  
131  
128  
Low  
Octave  
254  
242  
232  
226  
215  
206  
199  
196  
72  
 
THE ASCII CODE TABLE  
Decimal  
Value  
Printable  
Character  
Decimal  
Value  
Printable  
Character  
Decimal  
Value  
Printable  
Character  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
38  
39  
40  
41  
42  
43  
44  
45  
46  
47  
48  
49  
50  
51  
52  
53  
54  
55  
56  
57  
58  
59  
60  
61  
62  
63  
(Space)  
64  
65  
66  
67  
68  
69  
70  
71  
72  
73  
74  
75  
76  
77  
78  
79  
80  
81  
82  
83  
84  
85  
86  
87  
88  
89  
90  
91  
92  
93  
94  
95  
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
96  
‘ (Accent)  
!
97  
a
b
c
d
e
f
98  
#
99  
$
100  
101  
102  
103  
104  
105  
106  
107  
108  
109  
110  
111  
112  
113  
114  
115  
116  
117  
118  
119  
120  
121  
122  
123  
124  
125  
126  
127  
%
&
‘ (Apostrophe)  
g
h
i
(
)
J
j
*
+
K
L
k
l
,
-
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
[
m
n
o
p
q
r
.
/
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
;
<
=
>
?
\
]
}
^
~
_ (Under score)  
(THE ERROR)  
73  
 
THE ERROR MESSAGES  
CANNOT CONTINUE  
An attempt is made to continue a program that:  
1. Has halted due to an error.  
2. Has been modified during a break in execution, or  
3. Does not exist.  
DIVISION BY ZERO  
A division by zero is encountered in an expression, or the operation of involution results  
in zero being raised to a negative power.  
EXTRA IGNORED  
More than one parameter is entered to ‘INPUT’ command.  
ILLEGAL DIRECT  
A statement that is illegal in direct mode command. Example: INPUT  
ILLEGAL FUNCTION CALL  
A parameter that is out of range is passed to a math or string function. This error may  
also occur as the result of:  
1. A negative or unreasonably large subscript.  
2. A negative or zero argument with LOG.  
3. A negative argument to SQR.  
4. A negative mantissa with a non-integer exponent.  
5. An improper argument to MID$, LEFT$, RIGHT$.  
MISSING OPERAND  
The operand of some commands are missed.  
NEXT WITHOUT FOR  
A variable in a NEXT statement does not correspond to a previously executed unmatched  
FOR statement variable.  
OUT OF DATA  
A READ statement is executed when there are no DATA statements with unread data  
remaining in the program.  
OUT OF MEMORY  
A program is too large, had too many FOR loops or GOSUB, too many variables, or  
expressions that are too complicated.  
74  
 
OUT OF STRING SPACE  
String variables have caused BASIC to exceed the amount of free memory remaining.  
OVERFLOW  
The result of a calculation is too large to be represented in the number format. If underflow  
occurs, the result is zero and execution continues without an error.  
REDIMENSIONED ARRAY  
Two DIM statements are given for the same array, or a DIM statement is given for an  
array after the default dimension of 10 has been established for that array.  
REDO  
A string is assigned to a numeric variable during the execution of the INPUT command.  
RETURN WITHOUT GOSUB  
A RETURN statement is encountered for which there is no previous unmatched GOSUB  
statement.  
STRING FORMULA TOO COMPLEX  
A string expression is too long or too complex. The expression should be broken into  
smaller expressions.  
STRING TOO LONG  
An attempt is made to create a string more than 255 characters long.  
SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE  
An array element is referenced either with a subscript that is outside the dimensions of  
the array or with the wrong number of subscripts.  
SYNTAX ERROR  
A line is encountered that contains some incorrect sequence of characters (such as  
unmatched parentheses, misspelled command or statement, incorrect punctuation, etc.)  
TYPE MISMATCH  
A string variable name is assigned a numeric value or vice versa; a function that expects  
a numeric argument is given a string argument or vice versa.  
75  
 
CHAPTER 8: CALCULATOR  
The Calculator function turns the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit into a  
calculator with a 14-digit memory. The number keys and the 19 specially marked keys  
in the second and third rows of the keyboard are used in the Calculator activity. To clear  
the screen, use the  
key at the top right of the keyboard.  
BASIC CALCULATOR OPERATIONS  
The basic calculator symbols are:  
Addition:  
or  
or  
+
Subtraction:  
Multiplication:  
Division:  
USING THE MEMORY FEATURES:  
To input a number to memory:  
To recall a number from memory:  
To add a number to the number in memory:  
To subtract a number from the number in memory:  
Example:  
Input  
Display  
23 + 45 + 78  
M =146  
23+45+78_  
=
M =146  
_
76  
 
Input  
Display  
34 - 78  
M=146  
34-78  
=-44  
M=102  
34-78_  
=
M=102  
_
23 - 6 + 9  
M=102  
23-6+9  
=26  
M=76  
23-6+9_  
=
ADVANCED FUNCTIONS  
The Calculator has special function keys located on the second and third rows of the  
keyboard. Always press the function key first when using it in a problem and then enter  
the numbers it is to operate on.  
Aim  
Operation  
Display  
Square root of a number  
9
sqrt 9  
= 3  
Square of a number  
3
2
sqr  
3
= 9  
The constant e to the power  
of the entered number.  
exp  
2
= 7.38906  
(e=2.718282)  
LN function  
100  
In 100  
= 4.60517  
log 10 function  
100  
log 100  
= 2  
77  
 
TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS  
All the trigonometric functions can take two forms of input-radians and degrees. If you  
just type in a number, the Calculator assumes the number is in radians. To enter a number  
in degrees, press the degree sign  
after inputting the number.  
Function  
Operation  
Display  
SINE  
60  
sin 60  
= -0.30481  
SINE  
60  
60  
60  
60  
60  
60  
60  
sin 60°  
= 0.866025  
COSINE  
cos 60  
= -0.952413  
COSINE  
cos 60°  
= 0.5  
TANGENT  
TANGENT  
ARC TANGENT  
ARC TANGENT  
tan 60  
= 0.32004  
tan 60°  
= 1.73205  
atn 60  
= 1.55413  
atn 60°  
= – – E – –  
(atn 60°  
produces an error)  
(3.1415927)  
π(Constant)*  
*This special constant can be entered into any problem by using this key.  
78  
 
CHAPTER 9: TIME LIMITS  
Categories  
Activities  
Timing Code  
Word Games  
All Word Games (except Word Puzzles)  
Word Puzzles  
1
2
Mathematics  
Trivia  
All Math Games  
All Trivia Games  
1
1
Games  
Spy Trap  
3
Rocket Fuel  
None  
Computer Skills  
All Computer Skills  
None  
TIMING CODE  
1. In the one player mode, the answer must be input within 60 seconds. In two player  
mode, the player has 10 seconds to press their player button to answer first. When  
it is your turn, you have only 30 seconds to answer.  
2. After you have viewed the hint for a missing word, you have 1 minute to answer.  
3. Level  
Time limit to catch the spies (seconds)  
1
2
3
4
60  
45  
30  
30  
CHAPTER 10: SCORING  
Category  
Activities  
Scoring Code  
Word Games  
All Word Games  
(except Word Puzzles)  
Word Puzzles  
1
2
1
1
Math Games  
Trivia Games  
Games  
All Math Games  
All Trivia Games  
Spy Trap  
Rocket Fuel  
3
4
Computer Skills  
All Computer Skills  
None  
(Except Keyboard Skills and Typing Challenge)  
Keyboard Skills  
Typing Challenge  
5
6
79  
 
SCORING CODE  
1. One Player Mode  
5 Questions per round  
Correct answer on 1st try  
Correct answer on 2nd try  
Correct answer on 3rd try  
Two Players Mode  
POINTS  
20  
15  
10  
10 Questions per round  
Starting Score  
100  
10  
-10  
10  
20  
15  
10  
1
Correct answer  
Wrong answer  
2. Missing words per puzzle  
Correct answer on 1st try  
Correct answer on 2nd try  
Correct answer on 3rd try  
3. A spy is caught  
Every four spies caught  
Every spy who gets away  
4. Successfully finished a stage  
Every time a hint is used  
4
-2  
50  
-25  
5. Only the Basic Course will count scores  
A letter typed correctly  
1
6. A letter cannon removed  
Level 1  
Level 2  
Level 3  
Level 4  
5
4
3
2
80  
 
CHAPTER 11: POWER LINK  
If you have purchased our VTECH POWER LINK™, you can connect the PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS unit to an IBM 386 or higher compatible personal computer. This  
feature allows you to save and load files to your personal computer. The VTECH POWER  
LINK™ is sold separately at your local retailer or you may order it directly from our Consumer  
Services Department at 1-800-521-2010 in the U.S. or 1-800-267-7377 in Canada.  
CONNECTING THE CABLE  
At the back of the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS unit, there is a printer port.  
Connect the VTECH POWER LINK™'s cable to this port. Please see Chapter 1 for a  
diagram.  
CONTROLLING VTECH POWER LINK™  
In System Setup, choose the option POWER LINK, and press the Enter key or use your  
mouse to select it. You can turn this option ON/OFF by pressing the Enter key or selecting  
it with your mouse. Please make sure the POWER LINK function is on in order to perform  
the following activities: Trivia PC, File Transfer and Print Screen. If the connection is  
successful, “Installing Power Link. Please wait” will appear on the LCD screen. If the unit  
says “POWER LINK NOT READY,” please refer to the VTECH POWER LINK™ manual.  
Trivia PC  
You may play the Trivia activities on a personal computer using the monitor as a viewing  
device when the Trivia PC option is turned ON. Select POWER LINK and choose the  
option Trivia PC.  
To enter a trivia activity, the VTECH POWER LINK™ cable must be connected to both  
the PC and this unit. You will see the trivia questions being shown on the personal computer  
monitor. Type in your answer or press the Shift + Help key to view your three multiple  
choice answers, and then press the Enter key. Your score will also be shown on the PC  
monitor.  
NOTE: The VTECH POWER LINK™ feature must be in Trivia PC to use the Trivia Playback  
feature.  
File Transfer  
In File Transfer, you may choose from the following options: View File, Save File, Load  
File and Delete File. Please make sure you select the VTECH POWER LINK™ feature  
through System Setup.  
View File  
After selecting this option, you can view the PC monitor for a list of files in the PC. The  
following are the file extensions you may view using this option: PCW, BMP, PCG, TXT.  
Use the up/down arrows on the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS learning unit to  
view files on the PC monitor and press the Enter key to select the file. The content of  
the file will be shown on the PC monitor. Use the up/down arrows to scroll the text. After  
you have finished viewing the file, press the ESC key to return to the menu. Press the  
ESC key again to return to the File Transfer menu.  
81  
 
Save File  
After selecting this option, you can choose to save a Word Processor file or save a BASIC  
program. The unit will ask you to save a TXT file or BASIC program, then press the Enter  
key to select option. Next, you will be prompted to input the filename. Do not use spaces  
as characters, and please remember you have up to 8 characters. The data will now be  
saved on your personal computer.  
Load File  
After selecting this option, you can view a list of files in the personal computer on the  
PC monitor. Use the up/down arrows on the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS to  
scroll through the list of files on the PC monitor. Press the Enter key to select the file.  
You can only load files with a PCW extension or a BAS extension (example: test1.pcw).  
The unit will say “Data exists. Overwrite data?” If you select yes, please remember you  
will lose any existing data in your PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS Word Processing  
activity or BASIC activity. The file will be loaded into the main unit.  
Delete File  
After selecting this option, you can view the PC monitor for a list of files in the PC. Use  
the up/down arrows on the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS to scroll through the  
list of files on the PC monitor. The unit will ask if you would like to delete the selected  
file. If you select yes, please remember this file will be gone permanently.  
Print Screen  
If you press the Print Screen key on the PRECOMPUTER POWER PAD™ PLUS membrane  
activity selector, you will be able to capture any screen and view it on the PC monitor  
using the VIEW function. Please refer to your VTECH POWER LINK™ manual for further  
details on this feature.  
Additional File Transfer Option  
You may transfer a file from your personal computer to a RAM cartridge. This will allow  
you to carry more than one file with you. Load the file into your PRECOMPUTER POWER  
PAD™ PLUS Word Processing or BASIC activity. Then press the Hints key. Select File  
Options. Choose save. The unit will ask you to save the file to a RAM cartridge or PC.  
Select RAM and press the Enter key. The unit will prompt you to enter a new filename.  
Type in your filename. Remember you only have 8 characters. Your file is now also saved  
to the RAM cartridge.  
To transfer a file from the RAM cartridge to the PC, you must first load the RAM cartridge.  
Press the Hints key and select File Options. Choose load and the unit will ask you to  
load from the RAM cartridge or PC. Choose RAM and press the Enter key. Select your  
file and press Enter. The message “Data exists. Overwrite data?” will appear. Select yes  
and press the Hints key again and choose File Options. Select save and press the Enter  
key. The unit will ask you to save file to RAM cartridge or PC. Select PC and then input  
your filename. Please remember do not use spaces in your filename. Your file is now  
transferred to your personal computer.  
Note: To free up space on your RAM cartridge, you may delete that file from the cartridge.  
82  
 
CHAPTER 12:  
HOW TO USE AN EXPANSION CARTRIDGE  
There is an entire library of optional expansion cartridges available for the PRECOMPUTER  
POWER PAD™ PLUS unit.  
To use a cartridge, follow these steps:  
1. Make sure the unit is OFF.  
2. Insert a cartridge into the slot located on the left-hand side of the unit.  
3. Turn the unit ON.  
4. Press  
will be accessed.  
key on the Membrane Activity Selector and the cartridge activity  
Look for the following titles at your local retailer or order them directly from our Consumer  
Services Department. Just call 1-800-521-2010 in the U.S., 01235-546810 in the U.K. or  
1-800-267-7377 in Canada. A service representative will be happy to help you.  
Item No. 80-1410 SUPER SCIENCE™  
Item No. 80-1533 FAMOUS THINGS & PLACES™  
Item No. 80-0989 BIBLE KNOWLEDGE™  
Item No. 80-1001 FANTASY TRIVIA™  
Item No. 80-1002 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE II™  
Item No. 80-1003 SPORTS HISTORY™  
Item No. 80-2314 FAMILIAR FACES™  
Item No. 80-2315 HISTORICAL HAPPENINGS™  
Item No. 80-2333 ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT & MORE™  
Item No. 80-2334 CUSTOMS & CULTURES™  
Item No. 80-12051 SPACE SCHOLAR™  
Item No. 80-12053 FRENZY OF FACTS™  
Item No. 80-1531 32K RAM Memory Expansion Cartridge (Expands the memory  
of the BASIC programming activity and the Word Processor activity.)  
When the RAM Memory Expansion Cartridge is plugged in, the RAM Cart. Manager  
will open. Please refer to Chapter 6 for more details.  
83  
 
CHAPTER 13: CARE AND MAINTENANCE  
1. Keep the unit clean by wiping it with a slightly damp cloth.  
2. Keep the unit out of direct sunlight and away from heat.  
3. Remove the batteries when the unit is not in use for extended periods of time.  
4. Do not drop the unit on hard surfaces or try to dismantle the unit.  
5. Unplug the AC adaptor when the unit is not in use.  
6. Do not expose the unit to moisture or water.  
7. Please remove the protective clear plastic film covering the LCD screen before using  
this product.  
IMPORTANT NOTE:  
Creating and developing learning aids is accompanied by a responsibility that we at VTECH®  
take very seriously. We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information which  
forms the value of our product. However, errors sometimes can occur. It is important for  
you to know that we stand behind our products and encourage you to call our Consumer  
Services Department at 1-800-521-2010 in the U.S. or 1-800-267-7377 in Canada with any  
problems and/or suggestions that you might have. A service representative will be happy  
to help you.  
Note:  
This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is in strict  
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, it may cause interference to radio and television reception. It  
has been type tested and found to comply within the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with  
the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against  
such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur  
in particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can  
be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference  
by one or more of the following measures:  
• reorient the receiving antenna  
• relocate this product with respect to the receiver  
• move this product away from the receiver  
84  
 

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